Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton
Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0811486106
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发表时间：
2009-03-24
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Postf, Anton F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Paytan, Adina;Mackey, Katherine R. M.;Postf, Anton F.
大气气溶胶沉积是公海营养物质和微量金属的重要来源，可提高海洋生产力和固碳能力，从而影响大气二氧化碳浓度和气候。使用气溶胶样品从不同的背轨迹与自然群落的孵化实验，我们表明，浮游植物的生长气溶胶添加的响应取决于特定的成分在气溶胶和不同的浮游植物物种。气溶胶的添加通过释放氮和磷来促进生长，但不是所有的气溶胶都能刺激生长。在某些气溶胶中观察到毒性效应，其中毒性影响微微真核生物和聚球藻，但不影响原绿球藻。我们认为，毒性可能是由于高浓度的铜在这些气溶胶和支持这一实验室铜毒性试验与聚球藻文化。然而，气溶胶中存在的其他元素或这些元素之间未知的协同效应也可能导致毒性效应。人为排放正在急剧增加大气铜沉积，并根据耦合的大气-海洋计算，我们表明，这种沉积可能会改变海洋初级生产模式和社区结构在高气溶胶，低叶绿素地区，特别是在孟加拉湾和顺风的南亚和东亚。
Atmospheric aerosol deposition is an important source of nutrients and trace metals to the open ocean that can enhance ocean productivity and carbon sequestration and thus influence atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and climate. Using aerosol samples from different back trajectories in incubation experiments with natural communities, we demonstrate that the response of phytoplankton growth to aerosol additions depends on specific components in aerosols and differs across phytoplankton species. Aerosol additions enhanced growth by releasing nitrogen and phosphorus, but not all aerosols stimulated growth. Toxic effects were observed with some aerosols, where the toxicity affected picoeukaryotes and Synechococcus but not Prochlorococcus. We suggest that the toxicity could be due to high copper concentrations in these aerosols and support this by laboratory copper toxicity tests preformed with Synechococcus cultures. However, it is possible that other elements present in the aerosols or unknown synergistic effects between these elements could have also contributed to the toxic effect. Anthropogenic emissions are increasing atmospheric copper deposition sharply, and based on coupled atmosphere-ocean calculations, we show that this deposition can potentially alter patterns of marine primary production and community structure in high aerosol, low chlorophyll areas, particularly in the Bay of Bengal and downwind of South and East Asia.