Ecological and anthropogenic influences on space use by spotted hyaenas
Ecological and anthropogenic influences on space use by spotted hyaenas
复制标题
生态和人为对斑鬣狗空间利用的影响
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Holekamp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Kolowski;K. Holekamp
由于越来越多的人类侵入到许多大型食肉动物物种的剩余栖息地，有一个迫切需要了解的生态和人为因素影响食肉动物的空间使用决策。特别是，了解空间利用因干扰而发生的变化，以及与这些变化有关的成本，对于指导保护工作至关重要。要调查的生态因素影响食肉动物的空间使用，我们密集的放射性追踪成员的两个大的社会群体（氏族）的斑点鬣狗Crocuta crocuta在马赛马拉国家保护区，肯尼亚。此外，我们研究了牲畜放牧的影响，通过比较两个研究部落之间的空间使用，不同的显着暴露于放牧。Logistic回归模型表明，在没有牲畜的情况下，空间使用的影响最大的氏族的公共巢穴的位置。然而，鬣狗也被发现选择灌木丛，高猎物密度的地区，并接近季节性溪流。暴露于牲畜放牧的鬣狗的运动受植被类型的影响最大，具有很强的避免开阔的草原。巢穴的位置和猎物密度的影响较小的空间使用的决策比不受干扰的氏族。牲畜的分布没有直接影响鬣狗的运动，无论是在白天，当牲畜存在，或在晚上。我们认为，直接避免牲畜是不必要的，由于观察到的增加使用植被覆盖的鬣狗暴露于放牧牲畜。更大的距离，从巢穴，并从高猎物密度的地区，鬣狗被发现在干扰比未受干扰的地区表明潜在的能源成本所引起的干扰鬣狗。因此，我们的研究结果表明，减少植被覆盖，往往是在保护区外发现，可能会导致更显着的修改鬣狗运动中存在的牲畜。
Due to increasing human encroachment into the remaining habitat of many large carnivore species, there is an immediate need to understand the ecological and anthropogenic factors influencing carnivore space use decisions. In particular, knowledge of changes in space use in response to disturbance, and the costs associated with these changes, will be critical in guiding conservation efforts. To investigate the ecological factors influencing carnivore space use, we intensively radiotracked members of two large social groups (clans) of spotted hyaenas Crocuta crocuta in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya. In addition, we studied the influence of livestock grazing by comparing space use between two study clans that differed dramatically in exposure to grazing. Logistic regression modeling indicated that space use in the absence of livestock was most influenced by the location of the clan's communal den. However, hyaenas were also found to select shrubland, areas of high prey density, and proximity to seasonal streams. Movements of hyaenas exposed to livestock grazing were most influenced by vegetation type, with a strong avoidance of open grass plains. Den location and prey density had less influence on space use decisions in the disturbed than the undisturbed clan. Livestock distribution did not directly influence hyaena movements either during daytime, when livestock were present, or at night. We suggest that direct livestock avoidance was unnecessary due to the observed increased use of vegetative cover by hyaenas exposed to grazing livestock. The greater distances from the den, and from areas of high prey density at which hyaenas were found in disturbed than undisturbed areas indicates potential energetic costs incurred by disturbed hyaenas. Our results therefore suggest that reduced vegetative cover, as is often found outside protected areas, may result in more dramatic modifications of hyaena movements in the presence of livestock.