New insights into the enigma of immunoglobulin D.
New insights into the enigma of immunoglobulin D.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00929.x
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发表时间：
2010-09
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Cerutti A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen K;Cerutti A
近半个世纪以来，免疫球蛋白D （IgD）一直是一种神秘的抗体。IgD最初被认为是一种最近进化的igg同型，仅在一些哺乳动物物种中表达，但最近在鱼类和两栖动物中的发现表明，IgD存在于所有有颌脊椎动物的祖先中，并具有重要的免疫功能。IgD的结构在整个进化过程中是非常动态的。哺乳动物可以通过选择性剪接和类开关重组（CSR）表达IgD。活跃的细胞依赖性和t细胞非依赖性igm到igd类转换发生在来自上气消化粘膜的一种独特的人B细胞亚群中，它通过与许多病原体及其毒力因子相互作用提供一层粘膜保护。循环IgD可以与骨髓细胞如嗜碱性粒细胞结合，并通过交联诱导抗菌、炎症和b细胞刺激因子，这有助于免疫监视，但当该途径在病理条件下过度激活时，也有助于炎症和组织损伤。最近的研究表明，IgD是一种重要的免疫调节剂，在免疫和炎症之间的界面协调祖先监视系统。
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) has remained a mysterious antibody class for almost half a century. IgD was initially thought to be a recently evolved Ig isotype expressed only by some mammalian species, but recent discoveries in fishes and amphibians demonstrate that IgD was present in the ancestor of all jawed vertebrates and has important immunological functions. The structure of IgD has been very dynamic throughout evolution. Mammals can express IgD through alternative splicing and class switch recombination (CSR). Active cell-dependent and T-cell-independent IgM-to-IgD class switching takes place in a unique subset of human B cells from the upper aerodigestive mucosa, which provides a layer of mucosal protection by interacting with many pathogens and their virulence factors. Circulating IgD can bind to myeloid cells such as basophils and induce antimicrobial, inflammatory, and B-cell-stimulating factors upon cross-linking, which contributes to immune surveillance but also inflammation and tissue damage when this pathway is overactivated under pathological conditions. Recent research shows that IgD is an important immunomodulator that orchestrates an ancestral surveillance system at the interface between immunity and inflammation.