Ecosystem vulnerability: A complex interface with technical components
Ecosystem vulnerability: A complex interface with technical components
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DOI：
10.1002/etc.5620190435
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发表时间：
2000-04
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Llewellyn R. R. Williams-Llewellyn-R.-R.-Williams-2118889718;L. Kapustka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Llewellyn R. R. Williams-Llewellyn-R.-R.-Williams-2118889718;L. Kapustka
环境毒理学和化学的这一特别版包含了一个专题讨论会的技术论文，该专题讨论会于1998年8月17日至20日在美国华盛顿的西雅图举行，题目是“为生态风险评估和风险管理建立区域尺度的生态系统脆弱性模型和测量”。本次研讨会由美国环境保护署、SETAC和ASTM的生物效应和化学归宿委员会E47组织和共同赞助，讨论问题并探索跨时间和空间尺度、组织水平和多种压力源的数据和模型集成的潜在解决方案。它为促进跨学科领域的交流，特别是社会科学与自然科学之间的交流提供了一个重要场所。最终目的是改进生态风险评估和管理做法。我们希望，通过技术演示和听取研究人员、监管机构和各个公共利益相关者的观点而产生的对话，我们可以确定适当的工具和方法来识别面临人为和自然压力源风险的生态系统，并指导制定研究策略，帮助我们保护或恢复这些系统。在处理生态系统的脆弱性和管理方面遇到的问题涉及为不同的评估尺度确定适当的问题和实验设计，因为数据往往是在生物组织的多个层次上，或在生态系统内离散区域的单个亚生态系统层次上。生态系统一级的数据，由于其规模性质，往往是汇总的，往往不太详细，这在评估影响或风险时是有问题的。经常使用模型，但它们往往涉及具体因素，如暴露与影响、水与土地、当地与区域地理。组织委员会请感兴趣的专家分享他们的研究结果和经验，并帮助确定科学现状和信息差距，这些差距阻碍了向各潜在用户群体提供有效工具和指导的进展。委员会希望通过这一进程解决监测研究问题，重点是在各级生物组织制定指标，用于多尺度生态系统评价，并制定共同的建模框架和模型校准，以改善这些模型的整合。研讨会上报告的研究重点是整合景观、暴露和影响的新方法，以及适用于流域和更大规模污染问题的风险管理和风险沟通工具。
This special edition of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry contains technical papers from a symposium, Modeling and Measuring the Vulnerability of Ecosystems at Regional Scales for Use in Ecological Risk Assessment and Risk Management, which was held August 17–20, 1998, in Seattle, Washington, USA. This symposium was organized and cosponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, SETAC, and the ASTM’s Committee E47 on Biological Effects and Chemical Fate to discuss problems and explore potential solutions to integration of data and models across scales of time and space, levels of organization, and multiple stressors. It provided an important venue for fostering communication across interdisciplinary fields, especially between the social sciences and the natural sciences. The ultimate aim was to improve ecological risk assessment and management practices. The hope was that, from the technical presentations and the dialogues generated by hearing the perspectives of researchers, regulators, and various public stakeholders, we could determine the proper tools and approaches for identifying ecosystems at risk to man-made and natural stressors and guide the development of research strategies that will help us preserve or restore those systems. Problems encountered in addressing vulnerability and management of ecological systems are related to defining appropriate questions and experimental designs for different assessment scales because data are often at multiple levels of biological organization or at single subecosystem levels at discrete regions within ecosystems. Data at the ecosystem level, by nature of the scale, are often aggregated and tend to have less detail, which is problematic when evaluating impacts or exposures. Frequently, models are used, but they tend to address specific factors such as exposure versus effects, water versus land, and local versus regional geography. The organizing committee sought interested experts to share their findings and experiences and to help identify both the state of the science and the information gaps that hinder progress in making effective tools and guidance available to the various communities of potential users. The committee hoped through the process to address monitoring research focused on development of indicators at various levels of biological organization for multiscale ecosystem evaluation and the development of common modeling frameworks and calibration of models to improve the integration of those models. Research reported in the symposium focused on novel approaches to integrating landscape, exposure, and effects and risk management and risk communication tools applicable to watershed and larger scale pollution issues.