Tradeoffs associated with constitutive and induced plant resistance against herbivory
Tradeoffs associated with constitutive and induced plant resistance against herbivory
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1016508108
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发表时间：
2011-04-05
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
van Kleunen, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kempel, Anne;Schaedler, Martin;van Kleunen, Mark
已经提出了几个突出的假设来解释植物物种之间在防御食草动物方面的巨大差异。植物防御进化生态学中的一个主要概念是，防御策略的权衡可能会产生和维持物种多样性。特别是，组成和诱导的阻力和权衡这些战略的增长和竞争能力之间的权衡已被预测。我们进行了三个独立的实验，从15个不同的植物科的58种植物，以解决这些假设的系统发育框架。由于进化的权衡可能会被人类强加的人工选择所改变，我们使用了18种野生植物和40种栽培的园林植物。在所有58种植物中，我们证明了组成和诱导抗性之间的权衡，这是强大的占物种的系统发育史。此外，这种权衡是由野生物种驱动的，对栽培物种并不明显。此外，我们表明，更具竞争力的物种，但不是快速增长的，有较低的组成，但较高的诱导抗性。因此，我们的多物种的实验表明，竞争防御权衡持有的组成性电阻，并补充了竞争能力与诱导抗性的正相关关系。我们的结论是，所研究的遗传决定的权衡确实可能发挥重要作用，在塑造高多样性的植物物种之间的抗食草动物和生活史特征。
Several prominent hypotheses have been posed to explain the immense variability among plant species in defense against herbivores. A major concept in the evolutionary ecology of plant defenses is that tradeoffs of defense strategies are likely to generate and maintain species diversity. In particular, tradeoffs between constitutive and induced resistance and tradeoffs relating these strategies to growth and competitive ability have been predicted. We performed three independent experiments on 58 plant species from 15 different plant families to address these hypotheses in a phylogenetic framework. Because evolutionary tradeoffs may be altered by human-imposed artificial selection, we used 18 wild plant species and 40 cultivated garden-plant species. Across all 58 plant species, we demonstrate a tradeoff between constitutive and induced resistance, which was robust to accounting for phylogenetic history of the species. Moreover, the tradeoff was driven by wild species and was not evident for cultivated species. In addition, we demonstrate that more competitive species-but not fast growing ones-had lower constitutive but higher induced resistance. Thus, our multispecies experiments indicate that the competition-defense tradeoff holds for constitutive resistance and is complemented by a positive relationship of competitive ability with induced resistance. We conclude that the studied genetically determined tradeoffs are indeed likely to play an important role in shaping the high diversity observed among plant species in resistance against herbivores and in life history traits.