Viral Diseases of Cultured Fishes in Japan
Viral Diseases of Cultured Fishes in Japan
复制标题
日本养殖鱼类的病毒性疾病
DOI：
10.3147/jsfp.10.221
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发表时间：
1976
期刊：
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
T. Sano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Sano
本文介绍了日本养殖鱼类的三种已证实的病毒病和两种疑似病毒病。它们是鲑鱼和鳗鱼。对IPN和IHN的研究工作进行了综述。从一次引起欧洲和日本鳗鲡严重死亡的流行病中，在RTG-2细胞中分离到一株病毒，该病毒在五种血清型中与Fr21最接近。在自然疫鳗肾细胞和RTG-2细胞的细胞质中发现病毒颗粒。它们是五边形或六边形，直径为68至77微米。这种病毒满足了里弗的假设。在一次动物流行病的内陆银鱼鱼苗，病毒学诊断尝试使用RTG-2细胞，并证明合胞体形成剂。在RTG-2细胞表面出芽过程中发现了与疱疹病毒相似的病毒颗粒，直径为220~250 μ m。从美洲鳗鲡流行病中，用RTG-2细胞分离到一株病毒，该病毒不能被兔抗IHN和VHS血清中和。该病毒颗粒呈子弹状，长度为140 - 150 μ m。对这些自然流行病的组织学研究结果表明，一般退化的病理变化。严重的EVE表现为肾病、肾小球肾炎和脾脏改变。对于NeVTA疾病，受影响的nerka鱼苗表现出骨骼肌肉组织的颗粒变性、合胞体形成和肾脏间质细胞的细胞质内含物。伊娃组主要表现为骨骼肌组织出血变性、鳃血管充血及Bowman间隙出血。关于日本的鱼病"鱼类病理学"研究，可以提到的是，自我们的杂志"鱼类病理学"出版以来，日本的综合研究在过去十年中迅速加速了惊人的发展。从世界的角度来看，日本的鱼类病理学总体水平可能处于较高的位置。然而，日本的一些鱼病专业学科并不发达。作者指出，病毒性疾病就是其中之一。在日本，这一主题似乎刚刚跨过一个门槛。在这里，笔者想谈谈日本的三种已证实和两种疑似病毒性疾病。其中三个是鲑鱼，其余的是鳗鱼。病毒性疾病1。IPN（Infections Pancreatic Necrosis）虹鳟鱼的一种未知疾病，被怀疑了大约10年（佐野，1966），作者（1971）准确地诊断为传染性胰腺坏死。就鱼类病毒性疾病而言，这是日本的第一次描述。随后，研究了日本IPN的地理和季节分布（佐野，1972）、淡水鲑鱼属Oncorhynchus（佐野，1973）和Amago鳟鱼传染性胰腺坏死（O. rhodurus macrostomus（佐野，Yamazaki，1973）的研究成果发表在《日本水产科学学会公报》上。2.传染性造血细胞坏死
Three proved and two suspected0 viral diseases of cultured fishes in Japan were introduced in this paper. They are of salmonids and eel. As for IPN and IHN, research works were reviewed. From an epizootic of European and Japanese eel producing severe mortality, a virus was isolated in RTG-2 cells, being the closest to Fr 21 among five serotypes of IPN virus. Virus particles were found in cytoplasm of the kidney cells of eel of natural epizootic and in RTG-2 cells infected with the isolant. They are pentagonal or hexagonal having a diameter 68 to 77 mμ. This virus fulfilled the River's postulates. On an epizootic of landlocked nerka fry, virological diagnosis was tried using RTG-2 cells and proved a syncytium-forming agent. Viral particles, being similar shape to Herpesvirus were found in the process of budding on the surface of RTG-2 cell having a diameter 220 to 250 mμ. From an epizootic of American eel, a virus was isolated in RTG-2 cells, not being neutralized with either rabbit antisera of IHN and VHS. This virus particles are bullet shape having 140 to 150mμlong. Histopathological findings on these natural epizootic indicate generally regressive pathological change. Severely affected eels EVE show nephrosis, glomerulonephritis and splenic change. With NeVTA disease, affected nerka fry show granular degeneration in skeletal musculature, syncytium-formation and cytoplasmic inclusion in interstitial cells on the kidney. In EVA affected American eel, hemorrhage and degeneration in skeletal musculature, hyperemia in branchial vessels as well as hemorrhage into Bowman's space are found as principal change. Pertaining to the study of fish disease "fish pathology" in Japan, it may be mentioned that the striking development of the comprehensive study in Japan has been rapidly accelerating in the past decade since our journal "Fish Patho logy" was published. The general level of fish pathology in Japan may be put at a higher place from a global view point. However, some specialized subjects of fish disease in Japan are not so developed. This author is able to point out that the viral disease is one of them. In Japan this subject seems to have just crossed a threshold. Here, this author would like to deal with three proved and two suspected viral diseases in Japan. Three of them are of salmonids and the rest is of eel. Proved Viral Disease 1. IPN (Infections Pancreatic Necrosis) An unknown disease of rainbow trout which had been suspected for about ten years (Sano, 1966) was diagnosed exactly Infectious Pancre atic Necrosis by this author (1971). This is the first description in Japan, as far as a viral disease in fish is concerned. Subsequently, geographical and seasonal distribution of IPN in Japan (Sano, 1972), susceptibility of fresh water salmon genus Oncorhynchus (Sano, 1973) and Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis of Amago trout (O. rhodurus macrostomus (Sano, Yamazaki, 1973) were published in Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries as a serial work of this author. 2. IHN (Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis)