Representational Explanations of "Process" Dissociations in Recognition: The DRYAD Theory of Aging and Memory Judgments
Representational Explanations of "Process" Dissociations in Recognition: The DRYAD Theory of Aging and Memory Judgments
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DOI：
10.1037/a0020810
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Benjamin, Aaron S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benjamin, Aaron S.
人们普遍认为，老年人在记忆背景信息或来源信息的心理过程中存在缺陷。这一结论在很大程度上是基于经验上的交互作用，包括无序的交互作用，这些交互作用揭示了记忆强度的操纵对年轻和老年受试者识别的不同影响。这篇文章展示了另一种理论，它以来自心理测量学文献的压倒性证据为起点，即年龄对记忆的影响只有一个中介影响。因此，该理论假设年轻受试者和年长受试者之间没有任何差异，只是在记忆保真度方面存在整体差异，即假定年长受试者对事件和对象的有效表征不如年轻受试者。该理论通过3个主要假设进行了阐述，并在计算模型中得以实现。Dryad，来模拟文献中关于衰老和识别的基本结果，包括被用来暗示老年人选择性损害的非常相互作用。这里提出的理论观点允许对普遍持有的信念进行批判性检查，即衰老导致特定记忆过程的选择性中断。
It is widely assumed that older adults suffer a deficit in the psychological processes that underlie remembering of contextual or source information. This conclusion is based in large part on empirical interactions, including disordinal ones, that reveal differential effects of manipulations of memory strength on recognition in young and old subjects. This article lays out an alternative theory that takes as a starting point the overwhelming evidence from the psychometric literature that the effects of age on memory share a single mediating influence. Thus, the theory assumes no differences between younger and older subjects other than a global difference in memory fidelity that is, the older subjects are presumed to have less valid representations of events and objects than are young subjects. The theory is articulated through 3 major assumptions and implemented in a computational model. DRYAD, to simulate fundamental results in the literature on aging and recognition, including the very interactions taken to imply selective impairment in older people. The theoretical perspective presented here allows for a critical examination of the widely held belief that aging entails the selective disruption of particular memory processes.