Special Issue on Advances in Cardiovascular Biomechanics
Special Issue on Advances in Cardiovascular Biomechanics
复制标题
心血管生物力学进展特刊
DOI：
10.1007/s11340-020-00683-5
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Lessner, S. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wenk, J. F.;Lessner, S. M.
我们很高兴地介绍这期《实验力学》专刊，重点介绍心血管生物力学。在这个问题上，我们提出了一个抽样的研究领域的实验方法，材料表征发挥了关键作用。虽然我们感兴趣的材料和结构可能不熟悉我们领域以外的纤维蛋白质，如胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白，组织和器官，包括心肌，心脏瓣膜和整个身体的血管，我们研究的过程是熟悉那些你的利益在于经典的工程材料。特别是，材料降解、损坏和失效的过程通常会导致生物系统中严重的临床后果：一个例子是腹主动脉瘤的破裂，这是Pavey和Wagenseil小组的同事在他们对弹性蛋白稳定剂pentagalloyl glucose的研究中以及Lane和同事对动脉瘤曲率和破裂关系的研究中提出的问题。许多生物软组织是以片状排列的纤维增强复合材料，层间分层是法国Avril小组在其主动脉壁夹层研究中研究的重要失效机制。这种失效机制的微观结构方面由Wang及其在波士顿大学的同事的工作进一步阐明，重点是弹性蛋白纤维在层间结合中的重要性。软组织中的其他异质性包括硬钙化和纤维基质材料的相互作用，Furtunato及其同事研究了脑组织中的失败。当然，活的生物组织也经历在工程材料中看不到的动态过程，包括生长和重塑，由选择性添加或去除特定组分引起的材料性质和/或几何形状的变化。机械环境的变化可以驱动组织生长，正如密歇根州立大学Lee博士的研究小组所做的那样，这些影响不仅在正常的生理条件下（如对运动的反应），而且在临床上重要的病理学中（如心脏肥大和心力衰竭）也很重要。沿着这些思路，Grobbel及其同事研究了高血压在重塑胶原网络和肌细胞中的作用，以及它们在改变心脏组织残余应力中的作用。Wilson及其同事研究了高血压和药物治疗对重塑的影响，他们利用各种成像技术来评估细胞外基质和层组织的变化。组织重塑还可以包括几何形状的适应性改变，如Sang及其同事在实验诱导的兔动脉瘤中的动态变化的研究中所示，和/或材料性质的变化，如Moreno及其同事在他们对肺动脉高压小鼠模型中的动脉硬化的研究中所述，肺动脉高压是一种临床预后不良的日益普遍的病症。正如Pillalamarri及其同事在肺血管的局部生物力学和组织结构研究中所指出的那样，评估重塑的影响因各个血管床中材料特性的内在变化而变得复杂。用于软组织力学表征的技术包括经典方法，如拉环试验，在Barocas小组的贡献中更新和改进，到最近的创新，如微型计算机断层扫描（microCT）。这种方法已被证明是有用的准确的...
It gives us great pleasure to introduce this Special Issue of Experimental Mechanics focused on Cardiovascular Biomechanics. In this issue, we present a sampling of research in the field where experimental approaches to material characterization play a key role. While the materials and structures of interest may be unfamiliar to those outside our field–fibrous proteins such as collagen and elastin, tissues and organs including the myocardium, heart valves, and blood vessels throughout the body–the processes we investigate are familiar to those of you whose interests lie in classical engineering materials. In particular, processes of material degradation, damage, and failure often lead to severe clinical consequences in biological systems: an example is the rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms, an issue addressed by Pavey and colleagues in the Wagenseil group in their study of the elastin stabilizing agent pentagalloyl glucose, as well as in a study by Lane and colleagues on the relationship of aneurysm curvature and rupture. Many biological soft tissues are fiber-reinforced composite materials arranged in sheets, and delamination of layers is an important failure mechanism investigated by the Avril group in France in their study of aortic wall dissection. The microstructural aspects of this failure mechanism are further elucidated by the work of Wang and colleagues at Boston University, focusing on the importance of elastin fibers in interlamellar bonding. Other heterogeneities in soft tissues include the interaction of stiff calcifications and fibrous matrix material, which was investigated by Furtunato and colleagues with regard to failure in cerebral tissue. Of course, living biological tissues also undergo dynamic processes not seen in engineering materials, including growth and remodeling, a change in material properties and/or geometry resulting from selective addition or removal of specific components. Changes in the mechanical environment can drive tissue growth, as in the study by Dr. Lee’s group at Michigan State, and these effects can be important not only in normal physiological conditions such as in response to exercise but also in clinically significant pathologies such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Along those lines, Grobbel and colleagues investigated the effects of hypertension in remodeling collagen networks and myocytes, and their role in altering the residual stresses in cardiac tissue. The impact of remodeling in the presence of hypertension and pharmacological treatment was studied by Wilson and colleagues, who utilized various imaging techniques to assess changes in extracellular matrix and laminar organization. Tissue remodeling can also include adaptive alterations in geometry, as shown for example in the study by Sang and colleagues of dynamic changes in experimentally-induced rabbit aneurysms, and/or changes in material properties, as noted by Moreno and colleagues in their investigation of arterial stiffening in a mouse model of pulmonary artery hypertension, an increasingly prevalent condition with poor clinical prognosis. Evaluating the effects of remodeling is complicated by intrinsic variations in material properties throughout individual vascular beds, as noted in the study of regional biomechanics and tissue structure of the pulmonary vasculature by Pillalamarri and colleagues.The techniques used for mechanical characterization of soft tissues range from classical approaches such as the ring-pull assay, here updated and refined in a contribution from the Barocas group, to more recent innovations such as micro computed tomography (microCT). This latter approach has proven to be useful both for accurate …