Competition and intraguild predation among three sympatric carnivores
Competition and intraguild predation among three sympatric carnivores
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DOI：
10.1007/s004420000448
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发表时间：
2000-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
York, EC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fedriani, JM;Fuller, TK;York, EC
我们研究了在竞争的相互作用和充满活力的限制，以确定当地的丰富的土狼（犬latrans，8-20公斤），灰狐（Urocyon cinereoargenteus，3-5公斤）和山猫（猫rufus，5-15公斤）在三个研究地点，此后被称为NP，CP和SP）在圣莫尼卡山脉的加州的相对作用。我们假设，最大的和行为上占主导地位的物种，郊狼，将利用更广泛的资源（即，更多数量的栖息地和/或食物类型），因此，会比其他两种食肉动物以更高的密度出现。我们评估了我们的假设，量化他们的饮食，食物重叠，栖息地特定的丰度，以及他们的整体相对丰度在三个研究地点。我们确定了在圣莫尼卡郊狼对狐狸和山猫的行为优势，因为12只记录在案的灰狐死亡中有7只，5只记录在案的山猫死亡中有2只是由于郊狼捕食，没有郊狼死于与山猫或狐狸的相互作用。郊狼和山猫存在于各种各样的栖息地类型（9个中的8个），包括开放和灌木丛栖息地，而灰狐主要限于灌木丛栖息地。有一个负相关的土狼和灰狐的丰度（P=0.020）的栖息地，这表明狐狸避免栖息地的高土狼捕食风险。郊狼丰度低NP，高CP，和中间SP.山猫丰度变化不大，在整个研究地点，灰狐非常丰富的NP，缺乏CP，和稀缺的SP，这表明郊狼和狐狸丰度之间的负相关关系，以及在整个研究地点。山猫是完全肉食性的，全年和所有三个地点都依赖小型哺乳动物（兔形目动物和啮齿动物）。土狼和灰狐也在所有地点全年依赖小型哺乳动物，尽管它们也吃大量的水果。尽管食肉动物的食性在种间总体上存在很大差异（P
We examined the relative roles of dominance in agonistic interactions and energetic constraints related to body size in determining local abundances of coyotes (Canis latrans, 8-20 kg), gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus, 3-5 kg) and bobcats (Felis rufus, 5-15 kg) at three study sites thereafter referred to as NP, CP, and SP) in the Santa Monica Mountains of California. We hypothesized that the largest and behaviorally dominant species, the coyote, would exploit a wider range of resources (i.e., a higher number of habitat and/or food types) and, consequently, would occur in higher density than the other two carnivores. We evaluated our hypotheses by quantifying their diets, food overlap, habitat-specific abundances, as well as their overall relative abundance at the three study sites. We identified behavioral dominance of coyotes over foxes and bobcats in Santa Monica because 7 of 12 recorded gray fox deaths and 2 of 5 recorded bobcat deaths were due to coyote predation, and no coyotes died as a result of their interactions with bobcats or foxes. Coyotes and bobcats were present in a variety of habitats types (8 out of 9), including both open and brushy habitats, whereas gray foxes were chiefly restricted to brushy habitats. There was a negative relationship between the abundances of coyotes and gray foxes (P=0.020) across habitats, suggesting that foxes avoided habitats of high coyote predation risk. Coyote abundance was low in NP, high in CP, and intermediate in SP. Bobcat abundance changed little across study sites, and gray foxes were very abundant in NP, absent in CP, and scarce in SP; this suggests a negative relationship between coyote and fox abundances across study sites, as well. Bobcats were solely carnivorous, relying on small mammals (lagomorphs and rodents) throughout the year and at all three sites. Coyotes and gray foxes also relied on small mammals year-round at all sites, though they also ate significant amounts of fruit. Though there were strong overall interspecific differences in food habits of carnivores (P