Heat stored in the Earth system 1960–2020: where does the energy go?-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023

发表时间：

2023-04

期刊：

Earth System Science Data

影响因子：

11.4

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

地球科学1区

文献类型：

作者：

K. Schuckmann;Audrey Minère;Flora Gues;3. FranciscoJoséCuesta;Valero;G. Kirchengast;S. Adusumilli;F. Straneo;R. Allan;M. Barker;H. Beltrami;T. Boyer;Lijing Cheng;J. Church;5. Damien;Desbruyères;H. Dolman;C. Domingues;A. García‐García;6. Donata;Giglio;J. Gilson;M. Gorfer;L. Haimberger;S. Hendricks;S. Hosoda;G. Johnson;R. Killick;Brian King;N. Kolodziejczyk;A. Korosov;G. Krinner;Mikael Kuusela;M. Langer;T. Lavergne;Isobel R. Lawrence;Yuehua Li;J. Lyman;B. Marzeion;M. Mayer;10 AndrewH.;MacDougall;T. McDougall;D. Monselesan;Jan Nitzbon;Inès N. Otosaka;Jian Peng;S. Purkey;D. Roemmich;Kanako Sato;Katsunari Sato;12 Abhishek;Savita;A. Schweiger;A. Shepherd;S. Seneviratne;L. Simons;A. Slater;T. Slater;Noah A. Smith;A. Steiner;T. Suga;T. Szekely;W. Thiery;M. Timmermans;Inne Vanderkelen;Susan E. Wjiffels;15 Tonghua;Wu;M. Zemp

抽象。地球气候系统失去了能量平衡，过去几十年来热量不断积累，使海洋、陆地、冰冻圈和大气层变暖。根据政府间气候变化专门委员会第一工作组的第六次评估报告，几十年来全球变暖是人为驱动的，导致地球系统发生前所未有的重大变化，对生态系统和人类系统产生不利影响。地球热量清单提供了对地球能量不平衡（EEI）的测量，并允许量化地球系统中积累了多少热量以及热量存储在何处。在这里，我们表明地球系统继续积累热量，从1971年到2020年积累了381±61 ZJ。这相当于加热速率（即，EEI）为0.48±0.1 W m−2。大部分，约89%，这些热量储存在海洋中，其次是陆地上约6%，大气中1%，约4%可用于融化冰冻圈。在最近的时期（2006-2020年），EEI为0.76±0.2 W m−2。地球能量失衡是最基本的全球气候指标，科学界和公众可以用它来衡量世界在控制人为气候变化方面的表现。此外，这一指标与全球平均地表温度等其他既定指标具有高度互补性，因为它代表了对气候变化速度及其未来承诺的有力衡量。我们呼吁在现有最佳科学的基础上，将地球能源不平衡纳入《巴黎协定》的全球盘点。本研究中的地球热量清单是从von Schuckmann等人（2020年）更新的，得到了全球多学科合作的支持，并证明了国际社会共同努力对气候变化监测和基于社区的建议的至关重要性，我们还呼吁采取迫切需要的行动，以实现连续性，存档，救援，以及调整努力，以确保全球气候观测系统的长期监测能力得到提高。地球热量清单的数据是公开的，表4提供了更多的细节。

Abstract. The Earth climate system is out of energy balance, and heat has accumulated continuously over the past decades, warming the ocean, the land, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere. According to the Sixth Assessment Report by Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this planetary warming over multiple decades is human-driven and results in unprecedented and committed changes to the Earth system, with adverse impacts for ecosystems and human systems. The Earth heat inventory provides a measure of the Earth energy imbalance (EEI) and allows for quantifying how much heat has accumulated in the Earth system, as well as where the heat is stored. Here we show that the Earth system has continued to accumulate heat, with 381±61 ZJ accumulated from 1971 to 2020. This is equivalent to a heating rate (i.e., the EEI) of 0.48±0.1 W m−2. The majority, about 89 %, of this heat is stored in the ocean, followed by about 6 % on land, 1 % in the atmosphere, and about 4 % available for melting the cryosphere. Over the most recent period (2006–2020), the EEI amounts to 0.76±0.2 W m−2. The Earth energy imbalance is the most fundamental global climate indicator that the scientific community and the public can use as the measure of how well the world is doing in the task of bringing anthropogenic climate change under control. Moreover, this indicator is highly complementary to other established ones like global mean surface temperature as it represents a robust measure of the rate of climate change and its future commitment. We call for an implementation of the Earth energy imbalance into the Paris Agreement's Global Stocktake based on best available science. The Earth heat inventory in this study, updated from von Schuckmann et al. (2020), is underpinned by worldwide multidisciplinary collaboration and demonstrates the critical importance of concerted international efforts for climate change monitoring and community-based recommendations and we also call for urgently needed actions for enabling continuity, archiving, rescuing, and calibrating efforts to assure improved and long-term monitoring capacity of the global climate observing system. The data for the Earth heat inventory are publicly available, and more details are provided in Table 4.

Heat stored in the Earth system 1960–2020: where does the energy go?

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