Novichok agents: a historical, current, and toxicological perspective.
Novichok agents: a historical, current, and toxicological perspective.
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DOI：
10.1080/24734306.2018.1475151
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Boyer EW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chai PR;Hayes BD;Erickson TB;Boyer EW
Novichok或“新来者”类神经毒剂是特征较少的武器化有机磷酸盐毒剂。1997年《化学武器公约》禁止在战争中使用已知的Novichok制剂。Novichok剂被认为比VX气体更有效，可以以一元和二元形式应用。与其他神经毒剂一样，Novichok毒剂不可逆地结合乙酰胆碱酯酶并产生胆碱能毒蛋白。独特的是，这些药物被认为也靶向周围神经系统中的神经元。因此，延迟治疗或大量暴露可能导致衰弱性神经病。最近2018年俄罗斯持不同政见者谢尔盖·斯克里帕尔（Sergei Skripal）和他的女儿尤利娅（Yulia）在英国的暗杀企图凸显了认识到这些神经毒剂潜在致命影响的重要性。诺维乔克毒剂中毒的治疗与其他神经毒剂的治疗相似。鉴于世界范围内由化学武器（如Novichok制剂）引起的事件越来越多，临床医生应该知道如何快速识别急性中毒症状，并在必要时进行挽救生命的解毒治疗。
The Novichok, or “newcomer” class of nerve agents are lesser characterized, weaponized organophosphate agents. The use of known Novichok agents in warfare is banned under the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1997. Novichok agents are considered more potent than VX gas and can be applied in unitary and binary forms. Like other nerve agents, Novichok agents irreversibly bind acetylcholinesterase and produce a cholinergic toxidrome. Uniquely, these agents are thought to also target neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Delayed treatment or massive exposure may therefore cause a debilitating neuropathy. The recent 2018 assassination attempt of Russian dissident Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia in the United Kingdom highlights the importance of recognizing the potential lethal effects of these nerve agents. Treatment of Novichok agent poisoning is similar to management of other nerve agents. Given increasing worldwide incidents attributed to chemical weapons such as Novichok agents, clinicians should know how to rapidly recognize symptoms of acute poisoning and administer life-saving antidotal therapy, when indicated.