Exploring the conditions for forming cold gas giants through planetesimal accretion

Exploring the conditions for forming cold gas giants through planetesimal accretion
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探索通过星子吸积形成冷气态巨行星的条件

DOI:
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
B. Bitsch
B. Bitsch
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
A. Johansen;B. Bitsch

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在轨道和质量上与木星和土星相似的冷气体巨星的形成,对小行星驱动的核心吸积模型来说是一个巨大的挑战,因为远离恒星的核心增长率很低。在这里,我们模拟了伴随着行星体和气体的单个原行星的生长和迁移。我们使用文献中的FITS将核心增长率集成到N体模拟中,N体模拟提供了增加原行星迁移通过的行星体的效率。我们考虑了来自太阳系和原行星盘的三个约束:(1)海王星散布盘和奥尔特云中的类地行星和彗星储存库的质量与每AU几个地球质量的原始行星群是一致的;(2)来自小行星带和柯伊伯带的证据表明,特征行星小直径为100公里;(3)对原行星盘的观测表明,尘埃是由弱湍流搅动的;这种气体湍流也激发了行星小的倾角。我们的名义模型建立在这些约束的基础上,结果是最大原行星质量为0.1地球质量。忽略上面的约束(1),我们表明,即使是1000个地球质量的小行星群体,相当于每AU 50个地球质量,也无法产生冷气体巨星(尽管它成功地形成了热和暖气体巨星)。我们的结论是,一个巨大的小行星储存库本身不足以产生冷气巨星。通过小行星吸积形成冷气体巨星,还需要小行星和湍流搅动非常弱,从而违反了上述所有三个约束。
The formation of cold gas giants similar to Jupiter and Saturn in orbit and mass is a great challenge for planetesimal-driven core accretion models because the core growth rates far from the star are low. Here we model the growth and migration of single protoplanets that accrete planetesimals and gas. We integrated the core growth rate using fits in the literature to N-body simulations, which provide the efficiency of accreting the planetesimals that a protoplanet migrates through. We take into account three constraints from the solar system and from protoplanetary discs: (1) the masses of the terrestrial planets and the comet reservoirs in Neptune’s scattered disc and the Oort cloud are consistent with a primordial planetesimal population of a few Earth masses per AU, (2) evidence from the asteroid belt and the Kuiper belt indicates that the characteristic planetesimal diameter is 100 km, and (3) observations of protoplanetary discs indicate that the dust is stirred by weak turbulence; this gas turbulence also excites the inclinations of planetesimals. Our nominal model built on these constraints results in maximum protoplanet masses of 0.1 Earth masses. Ignoring constraint (1) above, we show that even a planetesimal population of 1000 Earth masses, corresponding to 50 Earth masses per AU, fails to produce cold gas giants (although it successfully forms hot and warm gas giants). We conclude that a massive planetesimal reservoir is in itself insufficient to produce cold gas giants. The formation of cold gas giants by planetesimal accretion additionally requires that planetesimals are small and that the turbulent stirring is very weak, thereby violating all three above constraints.
具有由垂直剪切不稳定产生的湍流的圆盘中的颗粒动力学
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201527716
发表时间: 2016
期刊: arXiv: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
影响因子: --
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期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
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期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
影响因子: --
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发表时间: 2014-11
影响因子: 6.5
作者:
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DOI: 10.1006/icar.1999.6299
发表时间: 2000
期刊: Icarus
影响因子: 3.2
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