From principles to practice: a spatial approach to systematic conservation planning in the deep sea
From principles to practice: a spatial approach to systematic conservation planning in the deep sea
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从原则到实践：深海系统保护规划的空间方法
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
Craig R. Smith
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作者：
Lisa M. Wedding;Alan M. Friedlander;John N. Kittinger;Les Watling;Steve Gaines;M. Bennett;Sarah M. Hardy;Craig R. Smith
工业金属需求和价格的增加，加上技术能力的进步，现在使深海采矿更加可行，经济上也更加可行。为了平衡经济利益和深海平原生态系统的养护，制定一个系统的深海空间管理和分区办法变得越来越重要。在此，我们介绍了一个由专家驱动的系统性养护规划进程，该进程用于向国际海底管理局提出基于科学的建议，建立深海海洋保护区系统，以保护结核采矿目标太平洋深海区域（如克拉里昂-克利珀顿断裂带）的生物多样性和生态系统功能。我们利用地理空间分析和专家意见形成建议，使我们能够按生物物理梯度对拟议网络进行分层，尽量增加每个次区域内生物独特的海山数量，并尽量减少社会经济影响。由此产生的MPA网络（9个重复的400 × 400 km MPA）提案覆盖了CCZ总规划区域的24%（1 440 000 km 2），并作为在深海前所未有的区域进行快速和先发制人的保护规划的例子。随着未来资源开采压力的增加，本研究中概述的科学指导原则可以作为海洋管理国际合作方法的基础。
Increases in the demand and price for industrial metals, combined with advances in technological capabilities have now made deep-sea mining more feasible and economically viable. In order to balance economic interests with the conservation of abyssal plain ecosystems, it is becoming increasingly important to develop a systematic approach to spatial management and zoning of the deep sea. Here, we describe an expert-driven systematic conservation planning process applied to inform science-based recommendations to the International Seabed Authority for a system of deep-sea marine protected areas (MPAs) to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem function in an abyssal Pacific region targeted for nodule mining (e.g. the Clarion–Clipperton fracture zone, CCZ). Our use of geospatial analysis and expert opinion in forming the recommendations allowed us to stratify the proposed network by biophysical gradients, maximize the number of biologically unique seamounts within each subregion, and minimize socioeconomic impacts. The resulting proposal for an MPA network (nine replicate 400 × 400 km MPAs) covers 24% (1 440 000 km2) of the total CCZ planning region and serves as example of swift and pre-emptive conservation planning across an unprecedented area in the deep sea. As pressure from resource extraction increases in the future, the scientific guiding principles outlined in this research can serve as a basis for collaborative international approaches to ocean management.