Adaptability of Training in Simulated Process Control: Knowledge- Versus Rule-Based Guidance Under Task Changes and Environmental Stress
Adaptability of Training in Simulated Process Control: Knowledge- Versus Rule-Based Guidance Under Task Changes and Environmental Stress
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模拟过程控制培训的适应性：任务变化和环境压力下的知识与基于规则的指导
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Wastell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. R. J. Hockey;J. Sauer;D. Wastell
目的：研究不同类型的过程控制训练在任务压力和环境压力变化中的适应性。背景：关于培训的文献使我们期望基于系统的培训具有更大的灵活性，而不是基于过程的培训。然而，关于压力的文献表明，基于知识的策略（利用执行控制）在压力条件下可能更脆弱。方法：两组接受6小时的机舱空气管理系统（CAMS）培训，这是一项复杂的、多层次的、基于pc的过程控制任务，强调系统知识或程序的使用。然后，他们被要求在一系列熟悉和不熟悉的故障场景中执行任务3小时（中间1小时有噪音）。结果：对于主要的控制任务，系统训练组表现更好，特别是对于不太熟悉和复杂的故障。然而，对于需要执行控制的低优先级任务，经过程序训练的操作员表现更好，受噪音的影响更小。结论：系统训练对突发任务事件的处理效果较好，而程序训练对突发任务事件的处理效果较好。结果解释了在复杂的工作环境中，指导操作员在有效的工艺技能所需的策略范围内的基本原理。应用：安全关键应用的培训方法应旨在培养使用程序和系统知识策略的技能。操作员应接受培训，在不熟悉的任务事件和环境压力下最有效地部署这些策略，并给予压力暴露培训。
Objective: The study examined the adaptability of different types of process control training across changes in task and environmental stress. Background: The literature on training leads us to expect greater flexibility for system-based training, as opposed to procedure-based training. However, the stress literature suggests that knowledge-based strategies (making use of executive control) may be more vulnerable under stress conditions. Method: Two groups were given 6 hr of training on the Cabin Air Management System (CAMS), a complex, multilevel, PC-based process control task, emphasizing either system knowledge or use of procedures. They were then required to carry out the task for 3 hr (with noise during the middle 1 hr) across a range of both familiar and unfamiliar fault scenarios. Results: For the primary control task, the system-trained group performed better, especially for less familiar and complex faults. However, for lower priority tasks requiring executive control, procedure-trained operators performed better and were less impaired by noise. Conclusion: System training was more effective for managing unexpected task events, whereas procedural training was better under noise. The results are interpreted in terms of the rationale for instructing operators in the range of strategies required for effective process skills in complex work environments. Application: Training methodologies for safety critical applications should aim to develop skill in the use of both procedural and system knowledge strategies. Operators should be trained in the most effective deployment of these strategies during unfamiliar task events and environmental stress and given stress exposure training.