Of Snakesand Bats : Shifting Identities at Calakmul by
Of Snakesand Bats : Shifting Identities at Calakmul by
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蛇与蝙蝠：卡拉克穆尔的身份转变
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发表时间：
2005
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Simon Martin
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作者：
Simon Martin
2001年年中，我刚刚在澳大利亚国家历史学院上完一堂金石学课，一个学生走近了我。他说他一直在努力理解盘子上的象形文字，不知道我是否介意看一看。在这样做的时候，我得出结论，这篇文章提供了一个罕见的第一人称复数代词“我们”的例子。正因为如此，我请求他允许我画出文本，并在我的经典玛雅文法课上使用。我的学生(米格尔·安格尔·布伦)回答说，这些材料不是他的，而是属于恩里克·纳尔达博士的项目。几天后，米格尔·安格尔把我介绍给了纳尔达医生。我向他解释了我的读物，他告诉我，这个盘子是在科亨利希的一次葬礼上发现的。然后，恩里克问我是否愿意为《墨西哥古迹》(Velásquez 2002)写一张纸条，这似乎得到了墓志学社区的好评。正是通过这次交流，我认识了恩里克·纳尔达，并在没有确切意图的情况下，开始了我与Proyecto Arqueológico“Sur de Quintana Roo”的合作。与此同时，恩里克向我讲述了他和他的团队八年前在齐班切发现的一系列象形文字台阶。这些石头现在变得杂乱无章，最初是楼梯的一部分。每一步都有一个象形文字和一个俘虏场景(图1)。有时，在铭文中可以找到这些人的名字，这些人的名字在他们背上戴的面具的头盔上重复(图2a)，有时受害者的名义条款后面会有一个序号表达--就像这个(图2b，字形A3)，它提到了第十六个俘虏--这表明象形文字楼梯上曾经有过囚犯的列举。当我第一次看到Dzibanche的象形文字台阶时，最吸引我注意的是一个主要元素是蛇头的字形的存在(见图2a，字形B3)。1973年，乔伊斯·马库斯提议将这种蛇头与墨西哥卡拉克穆尔大遗址联系起来，这个想法后来得到了许多研究人员的支持，他们现在看到了The PARI Journal
In mid-2001, I had just finished giving an epigraphy class at the Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia when a student approached me. He said that he had been trying to understand the hieroglyphic text on a plate and wondered if I would mind taking a look at it. Upon doing so, I concluded that the text provided an example of the rare first-person plural pronoun, “we.” Because of this, I asked him for permission to draw the text and use it in my classes on Classic Maya grammar. My student (Miguel Ángel Butrón) responded that the material was not his, but that it belonged to Dr. Enrique Nalda’s project. A few days later, Miguel Ángel introduced me to Dr. Nalda. I explained my reading to him, and he told me that the plate came from a burial at Kohunlich. Enrique then asked me if I would write a note for Arqueología Mexicana (Velásquez 2002), which seems to have been well received by the epigraphic community. It was through this exchange that I came to know Enrique Nalda and, without exactly meaning to, began my collaboration with the Proyecto Arqueológico “Sur de Quintana Roo.” At this same time, Enrique told me about a collection of hieroglyphic steps that he and his team had recovered in Dzibanche eight years before. These stones, now disordered, had originally formed part of a stairway. Each step bears a hieroglyphic text and a scene with a captive (Figure 1). Sometimes the names of these individuals, which can be found in the inscriptions, are repeated in the helmet of a mask they wear on their backs (Figure 2a), and occasionally the nominal clauses of the victims are followed by an ordinal expression—like this one (Figure 2b, glyph A3), which speaks of the sixteenth captive—suggesting that the hieroglyphic stairway had once contained an enumeration of prisoners. What most drew my attention when I saw the hieroglyphic steps of Dzibanche for the first time was the presence of a glyph whose principal element is a serpent’s head (see Figure 2a, glyph B3). In 1973, Joyce Marcus proposed an association of this serpent’s head with the large Mexican site of Calakmul, an idea that has since been endorsed by many investigators, who now see the ThePARI Journal