Contact Patterns in a High School: A Comparison between Data Collected Using Wearable Sensors, Contact Diaries and Friendship Surveys.
Contact Patterns in a High School: A Comparison between Data Collected Using Wearable Sensors, Contact Diaries and Friendship Surveys.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0136497
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Barrat A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mastrandrea R;Fournet J;Barrat A
鉴于它们在塑造社会网络和确定信息或传染性疾病如何在人群中传播方面的重要性，个人之间的互动是许多数据收集工作的主题。为了实现这一目标，人们通常使用不同的方法，从日记和调查到基于可穿戴传感器的分散基础设施。这些方法各有优点和局限性，但很少在特定环境下进行比较。此外，由于针对友谊关系的调查可能比联系日记更少受到记忆偏差的影响，因此探索日常生活中发生的实际联系模式与友谊关系和在线社交链接的比较是很有趣的。在这里，我们通过利用在一所法国高中收集的数据在这些方面取得了进展，这些数据涉及(I)通过两种同时方法测量的面对面接触，即可穿戴传感器和联系人日记，(Ii)自我报告的友谊调查，以及(Iii)在线社交链接。我们比较得到的数据集，发现大多数短接触没有在日记中报告，而长接触有很大的报告概率，并且日记中往往高估了接触的持续时间。此外，与报告的友谊相对应的测量联系可以有任何持续时间，但所有长期联系确实与报告的友谊相对应。相反，没有在友谊调查中报告的在线链接对应于较短的面对面接触，这突显了报告的友谊与在线链接之间的性质差异。此外，日记和调查的抽样率很低，因为许多学生没有填写日记和调查，这表明基于传感器的平台具有更高的可接受性。我们还发现，尽管日记和调查存在偏见，但通过班级之间的混合模式量化的联系网络的整体结构，被自我报告的联系网络和友谊网络正确捕获，并调查了三个网络中个人的邻居数量之间的相关性。总体而言，日记和调查往往对联络网络的全球结构组织有一个正确的描述，尽管联系要少得多，并使人们能够接触到联系网络中与最强联系相对应的一种骨干，即累积持续时间最长的联系。
Given their importance in shaping social networks and determining how information or transmissible diseases propagate in a population, interactions between individuals are the subject of many data collection efforts. To this aim, different methods are commonly used, ranging from diaries and surveys to decentralised infrastructures based on wearable sensors. These methods have each advantages and limitations but are rarely compared in a given setting. Moreover, as surveys targeting friendship relations might suffer less from memory biases than contact diaries, it is interesting to explore how actual contact patterns occurring in day-to-day life compare with friendship relations and with online social links. Here we make progresses in these directions by leveraging data collected in a French high school and concerning (i) face-to-face contacts measured by two concurrent methods, namely wearable sensors and contact diaries, (ii) self-reported friendship surveys, and (iii) online social links. We compare the resulting data sets and find that most short contacts are not reported in diaries while long contacts have a large reporting probability, and that the durations of contacts tend to be overestimated in the diaries. Moreover, measured contacts corresponding to reported friendship can have durations of any length but all long contacts do correspond to a reported friendship. On the contrary, online links that are not also reported in the friendship survey correspond to short face-to-face contacts, highlighting the difference of nature between reported friendships and online links. Diaries and surveys suffer moreover from a low sampling rate, as many students did not fill them, showing that the sensor-based platform had a higher acceptability. We also show that, despite the biases of diaries and surveys, the overall structure of the contact network, as quantified by the mixing patterns between classes, is correctly captured by both networks of self-reported contacts and of friendships, and we investigate the correlations between the number of neighbors of individuals in the three networks. Overall, diaries and surveys tend to yield a correct picture of the global structural organization of the contact network, albeit with much less links, and give access to a sort of backbone of the contact network corresponding to the strongest links, i.e., the contacts of longest cumulative durations.