Beam theory predicts muscle deformation and vertebral curvature during feeding in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
Beam theory predicts muscle deformation and vertebral curvature during feeding in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.245788
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发表时间：
2023-10-15
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--
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肌肉缩短是大多数骨骼运动的基础，最终也是动物性能的基础。大多数动物的肌肉在一个小的、均匀的缩短幅度和速度范围内产生最大的机械输出。然而，游泳的鱼很难实现均匀的肌肉缩短，因为整个身体像弯曲的梁一样变形：当脊柱侧向弯曲时，纵向肌肉应变沿着中-外侧梯度增加。类似的背腹侧应变梯度已被确定为脊柱弯曲背在进食期间在至少一个身体位置在一条鱼。如果鱼的身体也变形像梁在背腹喂养运动，这将表明背侧体（轴上）肌肉必须均匀化背腹和mediolateral应变梯度。我们测试了这一假设，通过测量弯曲的前脊柱与XROMM和肌肉缩短14 epaxial亚区与荧光显微镜在虹鳟鱼（虹鳟鱼）喂养。根据梁理论的曲率-应变关系，将实测应变与预测应变进行了比较。鳟鱼在进食过程中会使椎骨向背侧和外侧弯曲，但当包括两个平面的弯曲时，梁理论预测的应变与测量的应变有很强的显著相关性（P<0.01，R2=0.60）。梁理论准确地预测应变（斜率=1.15，与理想斜率=1）在大多数肌肉亚区，证实轴上肌肉的经验背腹和内外侧梯度的纵向应变。建立这种变形-曲率关系是理解这些肌肉如何克服正交应变梯度以产生强大的进食和游泳行为的关键一步。总结：整个鳟鱼身体的应变和脊椎曲率的直接测量确认轴上肌肉在喂养过程中经历正交应变梯度。
Muscle shortening underpins most skeletal motion and ultimately animal performance. Most animal muscle generates its greatest mechanical output over a small, homogeneous range of shortening magnitudes and speeds. However, homogeneous muscle shortening is difficult to achieve for swimming fish because the whole body deforms like a bending beam: as the vertebral column flexes laterally, longitudinal muscle strain increases along a medio-lateral gradient. Similar dorsoventral strain gradients have been identified as the vertebral column flexes dorsally during feeding in at least one body location in one fish. If fish bodies also deform like beams during dorsoventral feeding motions, this would suggest the dorsal body (epaxial) muscles must homogenize both dorsoventral and mediolateral strain gradients. We tested this hypothesis by measuring curvature of the anterior vertebral column with XROMM and muscle shortening in 14 epaxial subregions with fluoromicrometry during feeding in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We compared measured strain with the predicted strain based on beam theory's curvature–strain relationship. Trout flexed the vertebrae dorsally and laterally during feeding strikes, yet when flexion in both planes was included, the strain predicted by beam theory was strongly and significantly correlated with measured strain (P<0.01, R2=0.60). Beam theory accurately predicted strain (slope=1.15, compared with ideal slope=1) across most muscle subregions, confirming that epaxial muscles experience dorsoventral and mediolateral gradients in longitudinal strain. Establishing this deformation–curvature relationship is a crucial step to understanding how these muscles overcome orthogonal strain gradients to produce powerful feeding and swimming behaviours. Summary: Direct measurements of strain and vertebral curvature throughout the trout body confirm the epaxial muscles experience orthogonal strain gradients during feeding.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Jimenez YE;Camp AL;Grindall JD;Brainerd EL
通讯作者：
Brainerd EL
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
James, RS;Young, IS;Altringham, JD
通讯作者：
Altringham, JD
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Goldbogen, JA;Shadwick, RE;Gosline, JM
通讯作者：
Gosline, JM
DOI：
10.1002/jez.2031
发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Camp, Ariel L.;Astley, Henry C.;Brainerd, Elizabeth L.
通讯作者：
Brainerd, Elizabeth L.
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.243376
发表时间：
2022-03-08
期刊：
The Journal of experimental biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Camp AL;Brainerd EL
通讯作者：
Brainerd EL