Simulation of Low-Temperature Water-Gas Shift Reactor
Simulation of Low-Temperature Water-Gas Shift Reactor
复制标题
低温水煤气变换反应器模拟
DOI：
10.1021/i260075a011
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Saraf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Singh;D. Saraf
已经使用了低温催化剂上的水煤气变换反应的速率方程，类似于高温催化剂上的水煤气变换反应的速率方程。该速率方程考虑了温度、压力和催化剂寿命对催化剂活性的影响。它还考虑了由于扩散阻力而导致的反应速率降低。随后，该速率方程被用于反应器设计和模拟计算所开发的数学模型中。工厂数据与计算值之间的一致性通常非常好。合成氨工厂中的重整气体除氢气和二氧化碳外还含有高比例的一氧化碳。使用氧化铁催化剂并在350-450℃下操作的高温变换反应器(HT)用于将大部分一氧化碳转化为氢气和CO 2 。由于即使在平衡状态下，高温也有利于高 CO 含量，因此 HT 流出物仍含有约 3% CO。这通常在低温变换反应器 (LT) 中进行处理，该反应器使用 CuO-ZnO 催化剂，并在 180-250 C 的温度范围内运行。LT 排出气体中的 CO 含量低于 0.3%，最终在甲烷化器中去除。与 HT 反应器相比，LT 反应器中发生的总转化量较小。然而，LT 出口处稍高的一氧化碳含量会导致严重的吹扫损失或/和合成气中的高惰性含量，两者都会导致氨产量减少。这使得从工业角度来看LT反应堆行为的研究变得非常重要。
A rate equationfor water-gas shift reaction over a low-temperature catalyst, similar to that over a high-temperature catalyst, has been used. This rate equation takes into account the effects of temperature, pressure, and age of the catalyst on the catalyst activity. It also considers the reduction in reaction rate due to diffusional resistances. Subsequently, this rate equation has been used in a mathematical model developed for designand simulation calculation of the reactor. Agreement between plant data and calculated values is generally very good.The reformed gas in an ammonia plant contains a high percentage of carbon monoxide in addition to hydrogen and carbon dioxide. A high-temperature shift reactor (HT), using an iron oxide catalystand operating at 350-450 C, is used to convert most of thecarbon monoxide to hydrogen andC02. Since high temperature favors high CO content even at equilibrium, the HT effluent still contains about 3% CO. This is usually treated in a low-temperature shift reactor (LT) which uses a CuO-ZnO catalyst and operates in the temperature range 180-250 C. The LT exit gases contain less than 0.3% CO, which is eventually removed in the methanator. The total amount of conversion that takesplace in an LT reactor is small compared to that in an HT reactor. However, a slightly highercarbon monoxide content at the LT outlet can result in heavy purge loss or/and high inert content in synthesis gas, both resulting in reducedpro-duction of ammonia. This makes the study of the behavior of an LT reactor important from the industrial point of view.