A research agenda: does geocoding positional error matter in health GIS studies?
A research agenda: does geocoding positional error matter in health GIS studies?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.sste.2012.02.002
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发表时间：
2012-04
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Jacquez GM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacquez GM
直到最近，很少有人注意到地理编码位置的准确性及其对无障碍措施的影响;疾病率的估计;疾病聚集的结果;健康结果的空间预测和建模;以及基于污染物和病原体来源的地理接近程度的个人暴露估计。现在很清楚，位置错误可能导致有缺陷的发现和糟糕的公共卫生决策。然而，目前的实践状态是忽略地理编码位置的不确定性，主要是因为缺乏理论，方法和工具，量化，建模，并调整健康分析中的地理编码位置误差。本文提出了一个研究议程，以满足这一需求。它总结了地理编码过程的基础知识、其假设以及描述地理编码位置误差大小的经验证据。概述了位置误差在健康分析中的影响，包括可及性、疾病聚集、暴露重建和空间权重估计。拟议的研究议程解决了五个关键需求：1）缺乏标准化的，开放访问的地理编码资源用于卫生研究; 2）缺乏地理编码验证数据集，将允许替代的地理编码引擎和程序的评估; 3）缺乏空间显式地理编码位置误差模型; 4）缺乏资源，以评估空间分析结果的敏感性地理编码位置误差; 5）缺乏说明卫生政策决策对地理编码位置误差的敏感性的示范研究。
Until recently, little attention has been paid to geocoding positional accuracy and its impacts on accessibility measures; estimates of disease rates; findings of disease clustering; spatial prediction and modeling of health outcomes; and estimates of individual exposures based on geographic proximity to pollutant and pathogen sources. It is now clear that positional errors can result in flawed findings and poor public health decisions. Yet the current state-of-practice is to ignore geocoding positional uncertainty, primarily because of a lack of theory, methods and tools for quantifying, modeling, and adjusting for geocoding positional errors in health analysis. This paper proposes a research agenda to address this need. It summarizes the basics of the geocoding process, its assumptions, and empirical evidence describing the magnitude of geocoding positional error. An overview of the impacts of positional error in health analysis, including accessibility, disease clustering, exposure reconstruction, and spatial weights estimation is presented. The proposed research agenda addresses five key needs: 1) A lack of standardized, open-access geocoding resources for use in health research; 2)A lack of geocoding validation datasets that will allow the evaluation of alternative geocoding engines and procedures; 3) A lack of spatially explicit geocoding positional error models; 4)A lack of resources for assessing the sensitivity of spatial analysis results to geocoding positional error; 5)A lack of demonstration studies that illustrate the sensitivity of health policy decisions to geocoding positional error.