The standardized psychometric assessment of altered states of consciousness (ASCs) in humans
The standardized psychometric assessment of altered states of consciousness (ASCs) in humans
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DOI：
10.1055/s-2007-979351
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发表时间：
1998-07-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Dittrich, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dittrich, A
APZ调查问卷的开发，以探讨ASCs的假设。首先-在N=393名健康受试者中使用不同诱导方法的一系列11项实验中-检验了假设，即ASC具有共同的主要尺寸，而不管其诱导模式如何。在意识状态改变的国际研究（ISASC）中，对实验结果的外部效度进行了评估。对6个国家的共计N = 1133例受试者进行了IASC。实验研究的主要结果在实地研究中得到证实。研究结果可以概括如下：ASCs的共同点可以用三个倾斜的维度来描述，即“海洋的无边界”（OSE），“自我溶解的恐惧”（AIA）和“有远见的重组”（VUS）。该量表具有较好的信度和效度。APZ量表的测试版本有英语（英国、美国）、德语、意大利语和葡萄牙语版本。心理测量尚未测试的版本存在荷兰语，芬兰语，法语，希腊语，西班牙语和俄语。APZ问卷已成为评估ASCs的国际标准，从而有助于整合研究。德语中存在心理测量改进版本（OAV问卷）。测量“警惕性降低（VIR）”和“听力改变（AVE）”维度的BETA问卷也有德语版本。这些维度很可能是病因依赖性的。
The APZ questionnaire was developed in order to explore hypotheses on ASCs. First - in a series of 11 experiments using different induction methods on N=393 healthy subjects - the hypothesis was tested that ASCs have major dimensions in common irrespective of the mode of their induction. In the International Study on Altered States of Consciousness (ISASC) the external validity of the experimental results was assessed. The ISASC was carried out on a total of N = 1133 subjects in six countries. The main results of the experimental studies were corroborated in the field studies. The results can be summarized as follows: the common denominator of ASCs is described by three oblique dimensions, designated as "Oceanic Boundlessness (OSE)", "Dread of Ego Dissolution (AIA)" and "Visionary Restructuralization (VUS)". The reliability and validity of the scales are satisfactory. Tested versions of the APZ scales are available in English (UK, USA), German, Italian and Portuguese. Psychometrically as yet untested versions exist in Dutch, Finnish, French, Greek, Spanish and Russian. The APZ questionnaire has become the international standard for the assessment of ASCs, thus helping to integrate research. A psychometrically improved version exists in German (OAV questionnaire). The BETA questionnaire, which measures the dimensions "Vigilance Reduction (VIR)" and "Auditive Alteration (AVE)" is also available in German. These dimensions are most likely etiology-dependent.