The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude
The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude
复制标题
牦牛基因组和对高海拔生活的适应
DOI：
10.1038/ng.2343
复制
发表时间：
2012-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
30.8
通讯作者：
Liu, Jianquan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qiu, Qiang;Zhang, Guojie;Liu, Jianquan
家牦牛（Bos grunniens）为生活在青藏高原高海拔地区和邻近地区的藏族人提供肉类和其他必需品。牦牛与近缘种低海拔牛（Bos taurus）的比较研究对研究动物对高海拔的适应性具有重要意义。在这里，我们展示了使用基于Illumina的技术以65倍覆盖率生成的雌性家养牦牛的基因组序列草图。牦牛和牛之间的基因组比较，确定在牦牛的感官知觉和能量代谢相关的基因家族的扩展，以及参与感知细胞外环境和缺氧应激的蛋白质结构域的富集。牦牛谱系中正选择和快速进化的基因也被发现在与缺氧和营养代谢相关的功能类别和途径中显着富集。这些发现可能对理解其他动物物种对高海拔的适应以及人类缺氧相关疾病具有重要意义。
Domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) provide meat and other necessities for Tibetans living at high altitude on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and in adjacent regions. Comparison between yak and the closely related low-altitude cattle (Bos taurus) is informative in studying animal adaptation to high altitude. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of a female domestic yak generated using Illumina-based technology at 65-fold coverage. Genomic comparisons between yak and cattle identify an expansion in yak of gene families related to sensory perception and energy metabolism, as well as an enrichment of protein domains involved in sensing the extracellular environment and hypoxic stress. Positively selected and rapidly evolving genes in the yak lineage are also found to be significantly enriched in functional categories and pathways related to hypoxia and nutrition metabolism. These findings may have important implications for understanding adaptation to high altitude in other animal species and for hypoxia-related diseases in humans.