The Neuropsychological Profile of Alzheimer Disease
The Neuropsychological Profile of Alzheimer Disease
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a006171
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Salmon, David P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weintraub, Sandra;Wicklund, Alissa H.;Salmon, David P.
在过去的30年里，神经心理学评估在与阿尔茨海默病（AD）相关的痴呆症的表征中占有突出地位。临床神经心理学方法已经确定了疾病的最早，最明确的认知和行为症状，有助于疾病的识别，分期和跟踪。随着公众对痴呆症的认识不断提高，疾病检测已经转移到疾病的早期阶段，此时缺陷在行为和病理上都是选择性的。由于尚不清楚的原因，早期AD病理学经常在其他有助于语言、注意力、执行功能和视觉空间能力的网络之前针对情景记忆的大规模神经解剖网络。本章回顾了AD痴呆的特征性神经心理学特征，以及这些特征与“正常”、年龄相关的认知功能减退和其他导致痴呆的神经退行性疾病（包括皮质路易体病、额颞叶变性和脑血管疾病）的区别。
Neuropsychological assessment has featured prominently over the past 30 years in the characterization of dementia associated with Alzheimer disease (AD). Clinical neuropsychological methods have identified the earliest, most definitive cognitive and behavioral symptoms of illness, contributing to the identification, staging, and tracking of disease. With increasing public awareness of dementia, disease detection has moved to earlier stages of illness, at a time when deficits are both behaviorally and pathologically selective. For reasons that are not well understood, early AD pathology frequently targets large-scale neuroanatomical networks for episodic memory before other networks that subserve language, attention, executive functions, and visuospatial abilities. This chapter reviews the pathognomonic neuropsychological features of AD dementia and how these differ from "normal," age-related cognitive decline and from other neurodegenerative diseases that cause dementia, including cortical Lewy body disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and cerebrovascular disease.