Beyond the crystalline state
Beyond the crystalline state
复制标题
超越结晶状态
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-83434-9
复制
发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
V. Balakrishnan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Venkataraman;D. Sahoo;V. Balakrishnan
凝聚态物质表现出丰富多样的相。其中，直到最近，晶态受到了最多的关注。考虑到晶体的几何规律性，这并不令人惊讶。在另一个极端，有无定形材料。在这两者之间有各种类型的液晶、最近发现的准晶等等。虽然缺乏晶相所特有的高度规律性当然是一个问题，但这些非晶态多年来一直受到一些关注。然而，只是在最近几年，通过应用各种复杂的概念，才开始出现对所有这些阶段的统一看法。几何和对称性(以及对后者的不同寻常的认识)在这个新出现的视角中提供了一条统一的线索。这本书试图捕捉到这些最新发展的一些特色。这种方法基本上是描述性的，不仅对实验物理学家，而且对化学家、材料科学家、冶金学家和陶瓷学家也是如此，他们的工作近乎物理。学习本书的先决条件是熟悉基本的固态物理学，并在某些地方熟悉群论和统计力学的元素。在结尾处包括了几个特别的主题，以帮助那些希望进一步确定这里所讨论的主题的人。
Condensed matter exhibits a rich variety of phases. Of these, the crystalline state has, until recently, received most attention. This is not surprising, given the geometric regularity of crystals. At the other extreme one has amorphous materials. In between there are the various types of liquid crystals, the recently discovered quasicrystals, and so on. While the absence of the high degree of regularity that characterizes the crystalline phase is certainly a problem, these noncrystalline states have nevertheless been receiving some attention over the years. However, it is only during the last few years that something like a uni fied view of all these phases has begun to emerge, through an application of various sophisticated concepts. Geometry and symmetry (and unusual realiza tions of the latter) provide a unifying thread in this new and emerging perspec tive. This book is an attempt to capture the flavour of some of these recent de velopments. The approach is substantially descriptive, being intended to be accessible not only to experimental physicists, but also to chemists, materials scientists, metallurgists and ceramicists, whose work borders on physics. The prerequisites for a study of this book are a familiarity with basic solid-state physics and, in places, the elements of group theory and statistical mechanics. A few special topics are included at the end to aid those who wish to pur sure further the subject matter treated here.