Some genetic aspects of sex
Some genetic aspects of sex
复制标题
DOI：
10.1086/280418
复制
发表时间：
1932-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Muller, HJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Muller, HJ
从遗传学的观点来看，开始从广义的性的角度来考虑性是有利的。人们普遍没有意识到，遗传学终于解决了性和性存在的原因（即功能）这个古老的问题，只有遗传学家才能恰当地回答这个问题，”性是必要的吗？没有任何基本的生物学理由可以解释为什么生殖、变异和进化不能无限期地进行下去而没有性或性;因此，性在绝对意义上不是必需品，而是一种“奢侈品”。“然而，这是非常可取和有用的，因此在相对论意义上，当我们的竞争物种也被赋予性别时，它就变得必要了，因为无性生物，虽然经常处于暂时的优势，但在进化竞赛中无法跟上有性生物的步伐，当需要重新调整时，他们最终必然会失败。因此，有性生物构成了进化树的大部分中心部分和延续部分，新的无性终枝不断地从中发芽。无论现代体质的次要需要是什么，通过有性结合使种质再生的基本原生质需要是不存在的，没有理由相信”原生质刺激”本身是由不同的种质混合产生的，也没有任何证据表明遗传颗粒的变异是由”泛混合“引起的。“一个更合理的主张可能是，”杂种优势”这一新的遗传概念提供了性功能，
FPROM the genetic point of view it is advantageous to begin by considering sex in the broader sense of sexuality. It is not generally realized that genetics has finally solved the age-old problem of the reason for the existence (ie, the function) of sexuality and sex, and that only geneticists can properly answer the question," Is sex necessary?" There is no basic biological reason why reproduction, variation and evolution can not go o01 indefinitely without sexuality or sex; therefore, sex is not, in an absolute sense, a necessity, it is a" luxury." It is, however, highly desirable and useful, and so it becomes necessary in a relativistic sense, when our competitorspecies also are endowed with sex, for sexless beings, although often at a temporary advantage, can not keep up the pace set by sexual beings in the evolutionary race and, wheii readjustments are called for, they must eventually lose out. Thus sexual beings form most of the central and the continuing portions of the evolutionary tree from which ever and again new sexless end-twigs sprout off.Whatever the secondary needs of present-day somatoplasm may be, there is no fundamental protoplasmic need for rejuvenation of the germ plasm through sexual union, no reason to believe that" protoplasmic stimulation" is per se produced by mingling of unlike germ plasms, nor any evidence that variation of the hereditary particles is induced by" panmixia." A more reasonable claim might be made out for the new genetic concept of" heterosis" as furnishing the function of sexuality and