The minus sign in the first law of de Sitter horizons
The minus sign in the first law of de Sitter horizons
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德西特视界第一定律中的负号
DOI：
10.1007/jhep01(2023)054
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Visser, Manus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banihashemi, Batoul;Jacobson, Ted;Svesko, Andrew;Visser, Manus
由于吉本斯-霍金第一定律中关于德西特空间静态块的一个众所周知但又令人好奇的负号，宇宙视界的熵通过添加杀戮能量而减小。这个负号提出了一个令人困惑的问题，即如何理解静态补丁的热力学。我们认为，混乱的产生是由于错误地将物质杀死能解释为总内能，并通过引入一个系统边界来解决这个难题，在这个边界上可以指定一个适当的热力学系综。当这个边界缩小到零时，总内部能量（布朗-约克能量）就消失了，它的变化也消失了。这种消失的变化的一部分是热化的，被视界熵变化捕获，一部分是物质的贡献，可能是也可能不是热化的。如果物质在德西特温度下处于全局平衡，第一定律就变成广义熵是平稳的陈述。
Due to a well-known, but curious, minus sign in the Gibbons-Hawking first law for the static patch of de Sitter space, the entropy of the cosmological horizon is reduced by the addition of Killing energy. This minus sign raises the puzzling question how the thermodynamics of the static patch should be understood. We argue the confusion arises because of a mistaken interpretation of the matter Killing energy as the total internal energy, and resolve the puzzle by introducing a system boundary at which a proper thermodynamic ensemble can be specified. When this boundary shrinks to zero size the total internal energy of the ensemble (the Brown-York energy) vanishes, as does its variation. Part of this vanishing variation is thermalized, captured by the horizon entropy variation, and part is the matter contribution, which may or may not be thermalized. If the matter is in global equilibrium at the de Sitter temperature, the first law becomes the statement that the generalized entropy is stationary.