National and sub-national assessments of soil organic carbon stocks and changes: The GEFSOC modelling system
National and sub-national assessments of soil organic carbon stocks and changes: The GEFSOC modelling system
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.002
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发表时间：
2007-09
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通讯作者：
E. Milne;R. A. Adamat;N. Batjes;M. Bernoux;T. Bhattacharyya;C. Cerri;C. Cerri;K. Coleman;M. Easter;P. Falloon;C. Feller;P. Gicheru;P. Kamoni;K. Killian;D. Pal;K. Paustian;D. Powlson;Z. Rawajfih;M. Sessay;S. Williams;S. Wokabi
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作者：
E. Milne;R. A. Adamat;N. Batjes;M. Bernoux;T. Bhattacharyya;C. Cerri;C. Cerri;K. Coleman;M. Easter;P. Falloon;C. Feller;P. Gicheru;P. Kamoni;K. Killian;D. Pal;K. Paustian;D. Powlson;Z. Rawajfih;M. Sessay;S. Williams;S. Wokabi
土壤有机碳(SOC)在生态系统功能中起着至关重要的作用，决定着土壤肥力、持水能力和对土地退化的敏感性。此外，土壤有机碳与大气二氧化碳水平有关，土壤具有碳释放或封存的潜力，这取决于土地利用、土地管理和气候。《联合国气候变化公约》及其《京都议定书》以及其他《联合国防治荒漠化公约》和《关于生物多样性的公约》都承认有机碳的重要性，并指出有必要对有机碳的存量和变化进行量化。为了进一步了解全球碳循环，评估陆地生态系统对气候变化的反应，并帮助决策者做出土地利用/管理决策，有必要了解国家和区域范围内的有机碳储量和变化。几项研究已经在地块尺度上考虑了SOC储量，但这些都是特定地点的，在对更大区域进行推断方面价值有限。一些研究使用经验方法来估计区域范围内的SOC储量和变化，但此类研究预测未来变化的能力有限，而且大多数研究是使用温带数据集进行的。政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)概述的计算方法在几项研究中被用于估计区域尺度上的SOC储量变化，包括最近一项考虑五个不同生态区域的研究。这种“一步走”的方法未能考虑到在土地利用和土地管理发生变化后可能发生的SOC变化的动态方式。动态建模方法允许以一种考虑导致SOC变化的基本过程的方式进行估计。为场地规模应用设计的生态系统模型可以链接到空间数据库，提供空间上明确的结果，从而能够识别SOC储量变化的地理区域。一些研究使用这种方法的变体来估计美国和欧洲地区在次国家和国家范围内的SOC储量变化，以及墨西哥和古巴地区在分水岭范围内的SOC储量变化。然而，仍然需要一个国家和区域规模的、空间上明确的系统，该系统可普遍适用，并可适用于尽可能广泛的土壤类型、气候和土地利用。全球环境基金土壤有机碳(GEFSOC)模拟系统就是针对这一需要而开发的。GEFSOC系统允许对SOC储量进行估计，并根据不同的条件进行更改，为希望参与新兴碳市场的国家提供必要的信息，并使我们更接近了解土壤在全球碳循环中的未来作用。
Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a vital role in ecosystem function, determining soil fertility, water holding capacity and susceptibility to land degradation. In addition, SOC is related to atmospheric CO2levels with soils having the potential for C release or sequestration, depending on land use, land management and climate. The United Nations Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol, and other United Nations Conventions to Combat Desertification and on Biodiversity all recognize the importance of SOC and point to the need for quantification of SOC stocks and changes. An understanding of SOC stocks and changes at the national and regional scale is necessary to further our understanding of the global C cycle, to assess the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change and to aid policy makers in making land use/management decisions. Several studies have considered SOC stocks at the plot scale, but these are site specific and of limited value in making inferences about larger areas. Some studies have used empirical methods to estimate SOC stocks and changes at the regional scale, but such studies are limited in their ability to project future changes, and most have been carried out using temperate data sets. The computational method outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been used to estimate SOC stock changes at the regional scale in several studies, including a recent study considering five contrasting eco regions. This ‘one step’ approach fails to account for the dynamic manner in which SOC changes are likely to occur following changes in land use and land management. A dynamic modelling approach allows estimates to be made in a manner that accounts for the underlying processes leading to SOC change. Ecosystem models, designed for site scale applications can be linked to spatial databases, giving spatially explicit results that allow geographic areas of change in SOC stocks to be identified. Some studies have used variations on this approach to estimate SOC stock changes at the sub-national and national scale for areas of the USA and Europe and at the watershed scale for areas of Mexico and Cuba. However, a need remained for a national and regional scale, spatially explicit system that is generically applicable and can be applied to as wide a range of soil types, climates and land uses as possible. The Global Environment Facility Soil Organic Carbon (GEFSOC) Modelling System was developed in response to this need. The GEFSOC system allows estimates of SOC stocks and changes to be made for diverse conditions, providing essential information for countries wishing to take part in an emerging C market, and bringing us closer to an understanding of the future role of soils in the global C cycle.