Riparian disturbance and community structure of a Quercus-Ulmus forest in central Japan
Riparian disturbance and community structure of a Quercus-Ulmus forest in central Japan
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日本中部栎树-榆树森林的河岸扰动和群落结构
DOI：
10.1023/a:1009775512938
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
T. Nakashizuka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takeshi Sakai;Hiroshi Tanaka;M. Shibata;W. Suzuki;Haruto Nomiya;T. Kanazashi;S. Iida;T. Nakashizuka
分析了日本中部河岸榆树-栎林组成物种的种群结构和生态特征，并特别参考了河岸干扰状况。虽然整个群落的胸径分布呈L型，但几个组成种群的胸径分布有几种模式，表明过去有间歇更新期。乔木种群和亚种群空间分布的相关性表明，有6个主要类群反映了过去河岸干扰和不同物种的建立模式。沿着活动河道的低阶地上，分布着胸径<30 cm的小型乔木种群（沙柳、毛赤杨和毛白杨），而胸径≥60 cm的大型亚种群（栓皮栎和山榆）则分布在活动河道的低阶地上。粳稻发生在较高的阶地上。黄花蒿种群也以小丛的形式出现在较高的梯田上，尽管树木较小（小于55 cm胸径）。结果表明：30 ≤ dbh < 60 cm的中径个体的亚群数量最多; crispula和U.大卫杜夫湾japonica，桦属（Betula）和槭属（Acer spp.）种群发生在中间阶地上。树木年代学分析表明，大、中乔木群的形成年代分别约为330年和90年，小乔木群的形成年代约为35年。对历史动乱的调查表明，前两个群体的建立时期几乎与1662年和1902年发生的历史性大洪水相吻合。然而，导致最年轻群体成立的骚乱无法准确确定。因此，森林是一个镶嵌的三个不同年龄的斑块，这是密切相关的河岸干扰的频率和规模。树木的寿命和种子萌发和/或幼苗建立的首选条件是特别重要的行业协会在这个森林社区。
Population structure and ecological characteristics of component species of a riparian Ulmus-Quercus forest in central Japan were analyzed with special reference to riparian disturbance regime. Though the dbh distribution of the whole community was L-shaped, those of several component tree populations had several modes, suggesting intermittent regeneration periods in the past. Correlation of spatial distributions among tree populations and subpopulations showed 6 major groups reflecting riparian disturbances in the past and different establishment patterns among species. A cluster of small-sized tree populations (Salix sachalinensis, Alnus hirsuta and Populus maximowiczii <30 cm dbh) were distributed on the lower terrace along the active river channel, while large-sized subpopulations (dbh ≥60 cm) of Quercus crispula and Ulumus davidiana var. japonica occurred on the higher terrace. The Phellodendron amurense population also occurred on the higher terrace in small clumps though the trees were small (less than 55 cm dbh). Subpopulations of intermediate-sized individuals (30 ≤ dbh < 60 cm) of Q. crispula and U. davidiana var. japonica, together with Betula and Acer spp. populations occurred on the intermediate terrace. Dendrochronological analyses indicated that the large and intermediate-sized tree groups were established about 330 and 90 years ago, respectively, while the small-sized tree group established about 35 years ago. A survey of historical disturbances showed that these periods of establishment of the former two groups almost coincided with the historically major floods occurring in 1662 and 1902. However, the disturbance that resulted in the establishment of the youngest group could not be precisely identified. Thus, the forest is a mosaic of three differently-aged patches, which is closely related to the frequency and scale of riparian disturbances. Longevity of trees and the preferred conditions for seed germination and/or seedling establishment were particularly important for the guild structure in this forest community.