Circulatory and respiratory changes in response to muscular exercise in man
Circulatory and respiratory changes in response to muscular exercise in man
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人体肌肉运动引起的循环和呼吸变化
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通讯作者：
W. D. Paterson
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作者：
W. D. Paterson
导论.众所周知，如果以稳定的工作速度进行肌肉锻炼，在循环和呼吸的增加达到与新陈代谢的增加相对应的近似平衡之前，会经过一段可观的时间。因此，尽管循环和呼吸所达到的最终水平足以使工作几乎无限期地保持在一个稳定的速度上，但由于两个系统的反应滞后，肌肉工作的早期阶段必然处于相当不利的地位，这似乎并非不可能。因此，例如，乳酸在体内的初始积累可能会受到循环和呼吸对肌肉运动的反应速度的显著影响，如果是这样的话，应该有可能在短时间的稳定努力期间或之后获得这种效应的证据。最近Jervell（）发现，人体静脉血中的乳酸含量在稳定工作的最初几分钟内上升得最快，并认为这很大程度上是由于运动开始时的循环速率低于以后的循环速率。为了验证这一假设，进行了多对实验。在每一对中，最大做功速率是相同的，但在一种情况下，受试者从最大负荷的休息开始，而在另一种情况下，负荷以几个小的增量增加到最大，其想法是，在实际施加最大负荷时，循环和呼吸的调节将接近完成。在一些实验中，通过跟踪初步休息和随后工作期间的总呼吸交换过程，以及停止工作后肺泡二氧化碳百分比的变化，
INTRODUCTION. IT is well known that if muscular exercise is undertaken at a steady rate of working, some appreciable time elapses before the resultant increases in circulation and respiration attain an approximate equilibrium corresponding to the rise in metabolism. It would seem, therefore, not unlikely that the early stages of muscular work must be performed at a considerable disadvantage owing to this lag in the responses of both systems, even though the ultimate level attained by the circulation and respiration is sufficient to allow the work to be maintained at a steady rate almost indefinitely. Thus, for example, the initial accumulation of lactic acid in the body might be considerably influenced by the rapidity with which the circulation and respiration respond to the muscular exertion, and if so, it ought to be possible to obtain evidence of this effect either during or after a short period of steady effort. Recently Jervell() has found that the lactic acid content of the venous blood in man rises most rapidly in the first few minutes of steady work, and suggests that this is largely due to the fact that the circulation rate is less at the start of exercise than later on. With a view to testing this hypothesis, a number of pairs of experiments were performed. In each of these pairs the maximum rate of, work was identical, but in the one case the subject started from rest with the maximum load, while in the other case the load was increased in several small increments to maximum, with the idea that the accommodation of circulation and respiration would be approaching completion by the time the maximum load was actually applied. Indirect evidence of the relative extents to which lactic acid accumulated was sought by following the course of the total respiratory exchange during preliminary rest and subsequent work, in some experiments; and the changes in the alveolar carbon dioxide percentage after stopping work,