Step back from the forest and step up to the Bonn Challenge: how a broad ecological perspective can promote successful landscape restoration
Step back from the forest and step up to the Bonn Challenge: how a broad ecological perspective can promote successful landscape restoration
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DOI：
10.1111/rec.12989
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发表时间：
2019-05
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
V. Temperton;N. Buchmann;E. Buisson;G. Durigan;Lukasz Kazmierczak;M. Perring;Michele Sá Dechoum;J. Veldman;G. Overbeck
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文献类型：
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作者：
V. Temperton;N. Buchmann;E. Buisson;G. Durigan;Lukasz Kazmierczak;M. Perring;Michele Sá Dechoum;J. Veldman;G. Overbeck
我们目前面临着物种灭绝和气候变化带来的生物群落危机。许多生物多样性生态系统的丧失速度远远高于它们得到保护或生态恢复的速度。与此同时，自然气候解决方案提供了在减缓气候变化的同时恢复生物多样性的机会。波恩挑战是联合国通过恢复世界退化景观来恢复生物多样性和减缓气候变化的计划。它为生态恢复提供了前所未有的机会，成为解决许多环境问题的关键工具。不幸的是，作为波恩挑战的基础的森林和景观恢复计划，正如其名称所示，仍然专注于树木和森林，尽管越来越多的证据表明，许多非森林生态系统也为生物多样性和气候缓解提供了强大的恢复潜力。我们认为恢复需要后退一步，以更包容不同的生态系统类型，并加强提供综合科学知识，为大规模恢复提供信息。后退和前进需要评估在哪里恢复什么物种，认识到在许多景观中应该恢复多种栖息地类型。在这一过程中，应明确处理在提供不同生态系统服务（如碳、生物多样性、水、生物多样性、牲畜饲料）方面的权衡问题。我们建议将生物多样性保障措施纳入政策，并在实践中加以实施，以避免破坏为生态系统提供气候变化复原力的生物物理关系。为了使生态恢复有助于实现国际政策目标，需要跨越生物群落边界的综合大规模科学。
We currently face both an extinction and a biome crisis embedded in a changing climate. Many biodiverse ecosystems are being lost at far higher rates than they are being protected or ecologically restored. At the same time, natural climate solutions offer opportunities to restore biodiversity while mitigating climate change. The Bonn Challenge is a U.N. programme to restore biodiversity and mitigate climate change through restoration of the world's degraded landscapes. It provides an unprecedented chance for ecological restoration to become a linchpin tool for addressing many environmental issues. Unfortunately, the Forest and Landscape Restoration programme that underpins the Bonn Challenge, as its name suggests, remains focused on trees and forests, despite rising evidence that many non‐forest ecosystems also offer strong restoration potential for biodiversity and climate mitigation. We see a need for restoration to step back to be more inclusive of different ecosystem types and to step up to provide integrated scientific knowledge to inform large‐scale restoration. Stepping back and up will require assessments of where to restore what species, with recognition that in many landscapes multiple habitat types should be restored. In the process, trade‐offs in the delivery of different ecosystem services (e.g. carbon, biodiversity, water, albedo, livestock forage) should be clearly addressed. We recommend that biodiversity safeguards be included in policy and implemented in practice, to avoid undermining the biophysical relationships that provide ecosystem resilience to climate change. For ecological restoration to contribute to international policy goals will require integrated large‐scale science that works across biome boundaries.