Plant Breeding Reviews
Plant Breeding Reviews
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植物育种评论
DOI：
10.1002/9781119828235.ch5
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Blair M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blair M
育种计划之间的互联互通是目前资助机构项目的必要部分，但植物育种者本身并没有很好地描述这一特点。在这里，我们讨论菜豆育种项目的区域和全球互联互通规模，因为这是管理员和政府决策者为有限的研究和开发资金设定议程的有用案例研究。为什么是豆子？菜豆在发展中国家可以说是第二或第三重要的豆类，根据总产量和国家内或区域内和跨区域贸易计算。该物种的繁殖具有挑战性的原因有几个：(1)它由两个胚胎醇组成；(2)有多种种子类型和颜色；(3)直接消费，因此质量主要由消费者决定；(4)它容易受到许多生物和非生物胁迫的影响；(5)它受到广泛的生长环境的高度影响。与其他一些豆科植物不同，菜豆有一些亲缘关系密切的栽培品种，可以用来进行种间杂交。育种这种复杂的亚作物的策略、种质资源和有用基因已经得到了很好的研究和经常综述。然而，文献中没有太多关于豆类改良计划的制度背景或网络的内容，在当今相互关联的世界中，这可能比实现育种目标的生物限制更重要。因此，这次审查的重点是谁制造豆类品种，他们在哪里进行育种操作，以及涉及的机构和网络如何互动。在过去的半个世纪里，我们的章节集中于豆类育种的机构联系，这些联系导致了豆类品种改良的成功或失败，加速或减速。为了解释我们的方法，我们必须考虑一个基本的生物学模型，即(G) × 环境(E) × 机构(I)互作，而不是大多数植物育种者通常研究的G × E。本综述强调了在发展中国家的国家农业研究系统(NARS)内进行菜豆研究的重要性，并将其与育种计划网络、发展中国家和发达国家的学术界计划以及多个国际框架联系起来。我们还讨论了议程设置的方式，以及在国家、网络和国际背景下，项目资金和植物育种网络不同节点的优先顺序如何影响这些方式。
Inter‐connectivity amongst breeding program is a required part of funding agencies’ projects these days but has not been well characterized by plant breeders themselves. Here we discuss the regional and global scales of inter‐connectivity for common bean breeding programs as this is useful case study for administrators and government decision makers setting the agendas for limited research and development moneys. Why beans? Common bean is arguably the second or third most important legume in the developing world based on total volume of production and within nation or regional and cross‐regional trade. The species is challenging to breed for several reasons: it is (1) made up of two genepools; (2) has a range of seed types and colors; (3) is consumed directly and therefore quality is mainly determined by the consumer; (4) it is susceptible to many biotic and abiotic stresses; and (5) it is highly influenced by the wide range of environments in which it grows. Unlike some other legumes, common bean has some closely related species that are cultivated and can be used in inter‐specific crosses. The strategies, germplasm availability and useful genes for breeding such a complex suite of sub‐crops have been well studied and often reviewed. However, the literature does not contain much on the institutional context or networking of bean improvement programs, which in today's inter‐connected world can be even more important than the biological constraints for achieving breeding goals. Therefore, the focus of this review is on who makes bean varieties, where they perform breeding operations and how the institutions and networks involved interact. Our chapter focuses on the institutional contacts of bean breeding that have led to successes or failures, accelerations or decelerations of varietal improvement in beans over the last half century. To explain our approach, one must consider a basic biological model of genotype (G) × environment (E) × institution (I) interaction rather than just G × E typically studied by most plant breeders. This review emphasizes the importance of bean research within national agricultural research systems (NARS) in developing countries, contextualized across networks of breeding programs, programs in academia in developing and developed countries and multiple international frameworks. We also discuss the ways that agenda setting occurs and how these are influenced by project funding and prioritization across the different nodes of plant breeding networks in national, network and international contexts.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Brown;B. Weir
通讯作者：
B. Weir
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Doyle;A. Brown
通讯作者：
A. Brown
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1975
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
E. Weber;D. E. Alexander
通讯作者：
D. E. Alexander
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
LEVINGS, CS;DUDLEY, JW;ALEXANDER, DE
通讯作者：
ALEXANDER, DE
大麦α-淀粉酶同工酶的遗传基础和自然变异
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Brown;J. Jacobsen
通讯作者：
J. Jacobsen