The Green CTTC model for predicting the air temperature in small urban wooded sites
The Green CTTC model for predicting the air temperature in small urban wooded sites
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DOI：
10.1016/s0360-1323(01)00120-2
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发表时间：
2002-12
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
L. Shashua-Bar;M. E. Hoffman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Shashua-Bar;M. E. Hoffman
一个分析模型，绿色CTTC（集群热时间常数）模型，用于预测城市树木基地内的日气温，是本研究的对象。提出的模型基于与M.E. Hoffman及其同事早先开发的CTTC模型相同的原理，并加入了植被效应。结果表明，树木的热效应既可以用树木辐射平衡中对流部分抵消的遮荫效应来评价，也可以用蒸散发和植物蓄热变化的综合效应来评价。本文采用前一种方法。为了验证Green CTTC模型的有效性，对地中海沿岸特拉维夫大都市地区11个小型城市林地的夏季数据进行了模拟。在09:00、15:00和18:00 h（夏时），所有研究地点和时间间隔的平均均方根误差<0.5 K，拟合结果令人满意。采用一种新颖的方法，从实测数据中估计出CTTC值和对流参数。建议的模型可以扩大到包括树林和草坪的情况，是评估树木和其他绿色植物对城市设计方案的气候影响的适当工具。
An analytical model, the Green CTTC (cluster thermal time constant) model, for predicting diurnal air temperature inside an urban wooded site, is the object of this study. The proposed model is based on the same principles as the CTTC model, developed earlier by M.E. Hoffman and colleagues, with the addition of vegetation effects. It is shown that the tree thermal effect can be evaluated either as the shade effect partly offset by the convection component of the tree radiation balance or, equivalently, as the combined effect of evapotranspiration and the change in the plant heat storage. In this paper, the former approach is adopted. Simulations for testing the validity of the Green CTTC model were carried out on summer data of 11 small urban wooded sites in the Tel-Aviv metropolitan area near the Mediterranean sea coast. Results show a satisfactory fit, with average root-mean-square-error <0.5 K for all studied sites and time intervals at 09:00, 15:00, and 18 : 00 h (summer time). The CTTC values and the convection parameters were estimated from the empirical data, using a novel procedure. The proposed model, which can be enlarged to encompass the cases of groves and lawns, is an appropriate tool for assessment of the climatic impact of trees and other greeneries on urban design alternatives.