Japan's Hidden Youths: Mainstreaming the Emotionally Distressed in Japan
Japan's Hidden Youths: Mainstreaming the Emotionally Distressed in Japan
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DOI：
10.1007/s11013-008-9106-2
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Borovoy, Amy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borovoy, Amy
近年来，日本最受关注的社会问题之一是该国据称有100万“隐蔽”青年的问题，他们被称为“蛰居族”（字面意思是“孤僻”）。大多数观察人士都认为，“隐蔽青年”这一类别包含了广泛的问题和挑衅。这些不同的困境导致了把自己关在家里的共同结果，这是这里的出发点。这篇文章探讨了心理保健、教育和家庭领域，重点关注不愿强调隐蔽青年的潜在心理层面，以及学校和家庭希望将日本儿童“主流化”，在标准化的公共教育中容纳尽可能多的儿童。“隐蔽青年”也许可以被看作是日本民主的一种表现，在这种民主中，良好的社会被想象为团结、保护和安全的，而不是个人可以自由行使与众不同的权利。学校、家庭和精神卫生保健领域都把重点放在培养社会包容性上，但却不鼓励公民被贴上“不同”的标签——即使这种区别可能对他们有所帮助。在许多方面，缺乏照顾精神疾病或学习障碍的设施和话语是日本成功的阴暗面。那些不能适应的人通过家庭、公司和各种其他领域的机构来照顾，这些机构提供休息和暂时“退出”的空间；然而，期望休息最终会导致重新进入主流社会。通常导致问题的心理问题或残疾没有被命名和治疗（隐蔽青年，精神病学，特殊教育，青年，家庭，日本）。
One of the most talked-about social issues in Japan in recent years has been the problem of the nation's purportedly one million "hidden" youths, known as hikikomori (literally, "the withdrawn"). Most observers agree that the category of hikikomori encompasses a wide range of problems and provocations. The fact that these various dilemmas lead to the shared outcome of shutting oneself away at home is the point of departure here. The article explores the spheres of mental health care, education and family, focusing on the reluctance to highlight underlying psychological dimensions of hikikomori and the desire on the part of schools and families to "mainstream" Japanese children, accommodating as many as possible within standardized public education. Hikikomori can perhaps be seen as a manifestation of Japanese democracy, in which the good society is imagined as cohesive, protective and secure, rather than one in which the individual can freely exercise the right to be different. Schools, families and the sphere of mental health care have focused on producing social inclusion but have discouraged citizens from being labeled as "different"-even when such a distinction might help them. The dearth of facilities and discourse for caring for the mentally ill or learning disabled is, in many respects, the darker side of Japan's successes. Those who cannot adjust are cared for through the institutions of families, companies and various other spheres that offer spaces to rest and to temporarily "drop out"; however, the expectation is that rest will eventually lead to a re-entry into mainstream society. Often the psychological problem or disability that led to the problem goes unnamed and untreated (hikikomori, psychiatry, special education, youth, family, Japan).