Implicit theories of emotion: Affective and social outcomes across a major life transition
Implicit theories of emotion: Affective and social outcomes across a major life transition
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.731
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Gross, James J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tamir, Maya;John, Oliver P.;Gross, James J.
作者证明，人们在情绪的内隐理论方面存在系统性差异：一些人认为情绪是固定的（实体理论家），而另一些人则认为情绪更具可塑性（增量理论家）。使用纵向和多方法设计，作者表明，情绪的内隐理论，不同于智力，与过渡到大学期间的情绪和社会适应。在进入大学之前，持有实体（与增量）情绪理论的个体具有较低的情绪调节自我效能感，并且较少使用认知重新评价（第一部分）。在他们的第一个学期，情绪实体理论家的情绪体验不太好，从他们的新朋友那里得到的社会支持也越来越少，这一点可以从每周日记中得到证明。到大一结束时，情绪的实体理论家有较低的幸福感，更大的抑郁症状，以及较低的社会适应，如自我和同伴报告所示（第3部分）。情绪调节自我效能的个体差异部分地介导了情绪而不是社会结果（第4部分）。总之，这些研究表明，情绪的内隐理论可以对社会情绪功能产生重要的长期影响。
The authors demonstrate that people differ systematically in their implicit theories of emotion: Some view emotions as fixed (entity theorists), whereas others view emotions as more malleable (incremental theorists). Using a longitudinal and multimethod design, the authors show that implicit theories of emotion, as distinct from intelligence, are linked to both emotional and social adjustment during the transition to college. Before entering college, individuals who held entity (vs. incremental) theories of emotion had lower emotion regulation self-efficacy and made less use of cognitive reappraisal (Part 1). Throughout their first academic term, entity theorists of emotion had less favorable emotion experiences and received decreasing social support from their new friends, as evidenced by weekly diaries (Part 2). By the end of freshman year, entity theorists of emotion had lower well-being, greater depressive symptoms, and lower social adjustment as indicated in both self- and peer-reports (Part 3). The emotional, but not the social, outcomes were partially mediated by individual differences in emotion regulation self-efficacy (Part 4). Together, these studies demonstrate that implicit theories of emotion can have important long-term implications for socioemotional functioning.