Urban heat island mitigation strategies and lizard thermal ecology: landscaping can quadruple potential activity time in an arid city
Urban heat island mitigation strategies and lizard thermal ecology: landscaping can quadruple potential activity time in an arid city
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DOI：
10.1007/s11252-015-0460-x
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Wu, Jianguo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ackley, Jeffrey W.;Angilletta, Michael J., Jr.;Wu, Jianguo
据预测，全球变暖2A摄氏度将使世界上近一半的蜥蜴种群灭绝。城市热岛效应可能进一步加剧气候变化对对温度微小变化敏感的生物体的影响。目前，美国亚利桑那州的凤凰城大都会地区比周围的沙漠平均温暖3A度。随着城市化和气候变化的持续，热应力将成为未来几十年城市生态学中越来越重要的方面。我们研究的主要目的是调查哪些景观风格和微生境变量可以最有效地降低蜥蜴所经历的表面温度。使用一个裸露的很多作为对照，我们把铜蜥蜴模型与数据记录器在几个植被和灌溉处理，代表了占主导地位的后院园林绿化风格在凤凰城（草mesic与薄雾灌溉，滴灌旱生，unirrigated本地，和混合风格称为绿洲）。我们的蜥蜴模型记录了6915个潜在体温的估计值。我们发现，蜥蜴在夏季的活动时间被限制在几个小时内，在未灌溉的原生沙漠景观，而大量灌溉的草地和遮荫树允许在即使是最热的日子里持续活动。阴影，湿度和天空景观因素解释了亚米尺度下温度变化的大部分。我们建议，保持现有的景观风格的多样性（作为一个正在进行的针对人类的城市热岛缓解战略的一部分）将有利于蜥蜴。
A global warming of 2 A degrees C is predicted to drive almost half the world's lizard populations to extinction. Urban heat island (UHI) effects may further exacerbate the impacts of climate change on organisms that are sensitive to small changes in temperature. Currently, the Phoenix metropolitan region in Arizona, USA, is an average of 3 A degrees C warmer than the surrounding desert. With continuing urbanization and climate change, thermal stress will become an increasingly important facet of urban ecology in coming decades. The main objective of our study was to investigate which landscaping styles and microhabitat variables can most effectively reduce the surface temperatures experienced by lizards. Using a bare lot as a control, we placed copper lizard models with data loggers in several vegetation and irrigation treatments that represent the dominant backyard landscaping styles in Phoenix (grassy mesic with mist irrigation, drip irrigated xeric, unirrigated native, and a hybrid style known as oasis). Our lizard models recorded 6915 estimates of potential body temperatures. We show that lizard activity time in summer was restricted to a few hours in un-irrigated native desert landscaping, while heavily irrigated grass and shade trees allowed for continual activity during even the hottest days. Shade, humidity, and sky view factor explained the majority of variation in temperature at a sub-meter scale. We suggest that maintaining the existing diversity of landscaping styles (as part of an ongoing UHI mitigation strategy targeted at humans) will be beneficial for lizards.