OPPORTUNITY AND CONSTRAINT: ORGANIZATIONS’ LEARNING FROM THE OPERATING AND COMPETITIVE EXPERIENCE OF INDUSTRIES
OPPORTUNITY AND CONSTRAINT: ORGANIZATIONS’ LEARNING FROM THE OPERATING AND COMPETITIVE EXPERIENCE OF INDUSTRIES
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机会与约束：组织从行业运营和竞争经验中学习
DOI：
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Joel A. C. Baum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Ingram;Joel A. C. Baum
组织学习是许多战略理论的核心。然而，最近的争论发现，从自己的经验中学习会带来过度关注短期和当地情况的风险。行业经验可能会提供组织学习的机会，这是组织的经验所不能提供的，因为行业经验更加多样，不受任何一个组织的路径依赖历史的束缚。我们考察了自身经验和两种行业经验对美国连锁酒店失败率的影响。这两类行业经验分别是经营经验和竞争经验，前者是美国连锁酒店在行业历史上经营单位的折现和，后者是美国连锁酒店在行业历史上倒闭次数的折现和。我们发现：(A)组织最初受益于自己的经验，但从长期来看会受到损害；(B)通才组织受到自身经验的影响比专家更弱；(C)组织受益于组织进入之前和之后积累的行业运营经验；以及(D)组织受益于行业的竞争经验，但只有在组织进入之后才能受益。 1997年，John Wiley父子有限公司。
Organizational learning is central to a number of strategic theories. Recent arguments, however, identify risks associated with learning from own experience in the form of overattention to the short term and local conditions. The experience of the industry may offer opportunities for organizational learning that the experience of the organization does not, because industry experience is more varied, and not tied to the path-dependent history of any one organization. We investigate the influence of own experience and of two types of industry experience on the failure rates of U.S. hotel chains. The two types of industry experience are operating experience, which is a discounted sum of the units operated by U.S. hotel chains in the history of the industry, and competitive experience, which is a discounted sum of the number of failures of U.S. hotel chains in the history of the industry. We find that (a) organizations initially benefit from their own experience, but are harmed in the long run, (b) generalist organizations are more weakly affected by their own experience than specialists, (c) organizations benefit from their industry’s operating experience, accumulated both before and after the organization’s entry, and (d) organizations benefit from their industry’s competitive experience, but only after the organization’s entry. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.