Plumbing the depths: extending ecological niche modelling and species distribution modelling in three dimensions
Plumbing the depths: extending ecological niche modelling and species distribution modelling in three dimensions
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DOI：
10.1111/geb.12049
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Cartwright, Paulyn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bentlage, Bastian;Peterson, A. Townsend;Cartwright, Paulyn
目的 生态位模型（ENM）和物种分布模型（SDM）已被广泛用于研究陆地动植物群的生物地理和宏观生态模式。迄今为止，很少有研究将 ENM 和 SDM 应用于海洋生态系统，并且由于现有 ENM/SDM 工具实施的局限性，也很少有研究将海洋环境视为二维空间。对于许多海洋生物来说，ENM/SDM 应在三维空间中进行，同时考虑纬度、经度和深度。我们提出了一个案例研究，展示了三维 ENM/SDM 策略。全球方法我们使用易于实现的变换将海洋环境和物种发生数据的三维结构分解为一系列二维空间，之后可以使用现有的ENM/SDM工具来分析数据。我们通过使用两种常用算法对深海水母的潜在分布进行建模来展示我们的方法。使用重采样方法评估了缺失数据和空间采样偏差的潜在影响。结果我们证明，使用考虑到二维陆地情况而开发的现有软件工具来推导海洋物种三维分布的预测模型是可行的。这里提出的策略使我们能够模拟栖息在深海的水母物种的分布。我们评估了缺失发生数据和发生数据空间偏差的影响，发现发生数据点之间的插值和外推到未采样条件提出了不同的挑战，可能需要不同的建模算法和解释。主要结论我们改进的 ENM/SDM 方法很简单，可用于对迄今为止超出 ENM/SDM 应用范围的情况进行建模。特别是，可以使用此处介绍的框架对居住在三维栖息地（例如海洋和淡水环境中的水柱）的生物体的地理分布和生态位进行建模。
Aim Ecological niche modelling (ENM) and species distribution modelling (SDM) have been used extensively to study biogeographic and macroecological patterns of terrestrial fauna and flora. Few studies to date have applied ENM and SDM to marine ecosystems, and those that have treated the marine environment as a two-dimensional space owing to limitations of the implementations of current ENM/SDM tools. For many marine organisms, ENM/SDM should be performed in three-dimensional space, taking into account latitude, longitude and depth. We present a case study demonstrating a strategy for three-dimensional ENM/SDM.Location Open ocean; global.Methods We decompose the three-dimensional structure of marine environmental and species occurrence data into a series of two-dimensional spaces using an easy-to-implement transformation, after which existing ENM/SDM tools can be used to analyse the data. We demonstrate our approach by modelling the potential distribution of a deep-sea-dwelling jellyfish with two commonly used algorithms. Potential effects of missing data and spatial sampling biases were assessed using resampling approaches.Results We demonstrate that it is feasible to derive predictive models of three-dimensional distributions of marine species using existing software tools developed with two-dimensional terrestrial situations in mind. The strategy presented here allowed us to model the distribution of a jellyfish species that inhabits the deep sea. We assessed the effects of missing occurrence data and spatial bias of occurrence data, and found that interpolation among occurrence data-points and extrapolation into unsampled conditions present distinct challenges that may require different modelling algorithms and interpretations.Main conclusions Our modified ENM/SDM approach is straightforward, and can be used to model situations that have heretofore been beyond the reach of ENM/SDM applications. In particular, geographic distributions and ecological niches of organisms inhabiting three-dimensional habitats such as water columns in marine and freshwater environments can be modelled using the framework presented here.