Performance on a probabilistic inference task in healthy subjects receiving ketamine compared with patients with schizophrenia.
Performance on a probabilistic inference task in healthy subjects receiving ketamine compared with patients with schizophrenia.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0269881111435252
复制
发表时间：
2012-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Averbeck BB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans S;Almahdi B;Sultan P;Sohanpal I;Brandner B;Collier T;Shergill SS;Cregg R;Averbeck BB
有证据表明，精神分裂症的某些方面可以通过急性给药的非竞争性NMDA受体拮抗剂，氯胺酮在健康志愿者中诱导。在概率推理任务中，精神分裂症患者在被要求做出决定时表现出“跳到结论”（JTC）。我们的目的是测试接受氯胺酮的健康参与者是否会采取类似于患者的JTC反应模式。用于研究JTC的范例任务是“瓮”任务，参与者被展示了从两个“瓮”中的一个中取出的珠子序列，每个“瓮”中含有不同比例的彩色珠子。当参与者认为他们知道珠子是从哪个瓮中取出时，他们就会做出决定。我们比较了接受急性氯胺酮或安慰剂的对照组与精神分裂症患者和与患者组匹配的另一组对照组之间在瓮任务上的表现。患者显示出相对于其匹配的对照组的JTC反应模式，而相对于安慰剂，接受氯胺酮的对照组的JTC不明显。氯胺酮在健康对照组中似乎不促进JTC，表明氯胺酮不影响概率推断。
Evidence suggests that some aspects of schizophrenia can be induced in healthy volunteers through acute administration of the non-competitive NMDA-receptor antagonist, ketamine. In probabilistic inference tasks, patients with schizophrenia have been shown to ‘jump to conclusions’ (JTC) when asked to make a decision. We aimed to test whether healthy participants receiving ketamine would adopt a JTC response pattern resembling that of patients. The paradigmatic task used to investigate JTC has been the ‘urn’ task, where participants are shown a sequence of beads drawn from one of two ‘urns’, each containing coloured beads in different proportions. Participants make a decision when they think they know the urn from which beads are being drawn. We compared performance on the urn task between controls receiving acute ketamine or placebo with that of patients with schizophrenia and another group of controls matched to the patient group. Patients were shown to exhibit a JTC response pattern relative to their matched controls, whereas JTC was not evident in controls receiving ketamine relative to placebo. Ketamine does not appear to promote JTC in healthy controls, suggesting that ketamine does not affect probabilistic inferences.