Complete and Incomplete Hepatitis B Virus Particles: Formation, Function, and Application.
Complete and Incomplete Hepatitis B Virus Particles: Formation, Function, and Application.
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DOI：
10.3390/v9030056
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发表时间：
2017-03-21
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Liu K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hu J;Liu K
B型肝炎病毒（HBV）是一种含有双链DNA基因组并通过RNA前基因组的逆转录复制该DNA的副逆转录病毒或逆转录病毒。病毒逆转录在RNA和病毒逆转录酶包装后在衣壳内发生。HBV复制的一个主要特征是选择含有双链DNA的衣壳，但不选择含有RNA或单链DNA复制中间体的衣壳，以在病毒体分泌期间进行复制。因此，完整的HBV病毒粒子颗粒含有一个外包膜，其中布满了病毒包膜蛋白，它包围着衣壳，而衣壳反过来又使双链DNA基因组发生衣壳化。此外，HBV形态发生的特征在于亚病毒颗粒的释放，所述亚病毒颗粒比完整的病毒体多几个数量级。一类亚病毒颗粒是经典的表面抗原颗粒（澳大利亚抗原），其仅含有病毒包膜蛋白，而最近发现的无基因组（空）病毒体含有包膜和衣壳，但不含基因组。此外，最近的证据表明，毕竟可能会释放出低水平的含RNA颗粒。我们将总结目前已知的完整和不完整的HBV颗粒是如何组装的。我们将简要地讨论亚病毒颗粒的功能，这在很大程度上仍然是未知的。最后，我们将探讨亚病毒颗粒的效用，特别是空病毒粒子和推定的RNA病毒粒子作为诊断标志物的潜力和空病毒粒子作为候选疫苗的潜力。
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a para-retrovirus or retroid virus that contains a double-stranded DNA genome and replicates this DNA via reverse transcription of a RNA pregenome. Viral reverse transcription takes place within a capsid upon packaging of the RNA and the viral reverse transcriptase. A major characteristic of HBV replication is the selection of capsids containing the double-stranded DNA, but not those containing the RNA or the single-stranded DNA replication intermediate, for envelopment during virion secretion. The complete HBV virion particles thus contain an outer envelope, studded with viral envelope proteins, that encloses the capsid, which, in turn, encapsidates the double-stranded DNA genome. Furthermore, HBV morphogenesis is characterized by the release of subviral particles that are several orders of magnitude more abundant than the complete virions. One class of subviral particles are the classical surface antigen particles (Australian antigen) that contain only the viral envelope proteins, whereas the more recently discovered genome-free (empty) virions contain both the envelope and capsid but no genome. In addition, recent evidence suggests that low levels of RNA-containing particles may be released, after all. We will summarize what is currently known about how the complete and incomplete HBV particles are assembled. We will discuss briefly the functions of the subviral particles, which remain largely unknown. Finally, we will explore the utility of the subviral particles, particularly, the potential of empty virions and putative RNA virions as diagnostic markers and the potential of empty virons as a vaccine candidate.