Competitive advantage of rare behaviours induces adaptive diversity rather than social conformity in skill learning
Competitive advantage of rare behaviours induces adaptive diversity rather than social conformity in skill learning
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2020.1259
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发表时间：
2020-08-26
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Lotem, Arnon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aljadeff, Naama;Giraldeau, Luc-Alain;Lotem, Arnon
最近的研究强调了社会学习和文化传播在促进动物群体的一致性和一致性方面的作用，但很少关注负频率依赖学习在阻碍一致性和促进多样性方面的作用。在这里，我们的实验表明，在自然界中常见的竞争条件下，社会觅食（虽然能够社会学习）可能会发展多样性觅食专业化，而不是一致性。天真的家雀被引入觅食专家组不符合专家的行为，而是学会了使用替代的食物相关的线索，从而形成互补的专家组。我们进一步表明，在这样的群体中的个人可能会更有效地在不同的环境中觅食。我们的研究结果表明，当社会获得的技能的好处减少，通过竞争在一个负的频率依赖的方式，动物社会将成为行为多样性，而不是统一的。
Recent studies have emphasized the role of social learning and cultural transmission in promoting conformity and uniformity in animal groups, but little attention has been given to the role of negative frequency-dependent learning in impeding conformity and promoting diversity instead. Here, we show experimentally that under competitive conditions that are common in nature, social foragers (although capable of social learning) are likely to develop diversity in foraging specialization rather than uniformity. Naive house sparrows that were introduced into groups of foraging specialists did not conform to the behaviour of the specialists, but rather learned to use the alternative food-related cues, thus forming groups of complementary specialists. We further show that individuals in such groups may forage more effectively in diverse environments. Our results suggest that when the benefit from socially acquired skills diminishes through competition in a negative frequency-dependent manner, animal societies will become behaviourally diverse rather than uniform.