The Global Stock of Domesticated Honey Bees Is Growing Slower Than Agricultural Demand for Pollination
The Global Stock of Domesticated Honey Bees Is Growing Slower Than Agricultural Demand for Pollination
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2009.03.071
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发表时间：
2009-06-09
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Harder, Lawrence D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aizen, Marcelo A.;Harder, Lawrence D.
全球授粉危机当前威胁农业生产力这一前景近期在科学家、政治家和公众中引起了强烈关注[1 - 5]。到目前为止，全球危机的证据来自传粉者自身在区域或局部的减少[6 - 9]，或者特定作物授粉不足[9, 10]。相比之下，我们对联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）[11]数据的分析显示，在过去半个世纪里，人工饲养的蜂箱全球数量增加了约45%，并表明经济全球化而非生物因素驱动着全球人工饲养蜜蜂数量的动态变化以及对农业授粉服务需求的增加[12]。然而，现有数据还显示，在过去半个世纪里，依赖动物授粉的农业比例增长更为迅速（>300%），这可能会给全球授粉能力带来压力。尽管商业农业对传粉者依赖加速增加的主要原因似乎是经济和政治方面的，而非生物方面的，但许多依赖传粉者的作物种植的迅速扩张有可能引发这些作物以及邻近地区本地物种未来的授粉问题。在制定农业和保护政策时，此类环境成本值得考虑。
The prospect that a global pollination crisis currently threatens agricultural productivity has drawn intense recent interest among scientists, politicians, and the general public [1-5]. To date, evidence for a global crisis has been drawn from regional or local declines in pollinators themselves [6-9] or insufficient pollination for particular crops [9, 10]. In contrast, our analysis of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) [11] data reveals that the global population of managed honey-bee hives has increased similar to 45% during the last half century and suggests that economic globalization, rather than biological factors, drives both the dynamics of the global managed honey-bee population and increasing demands for agricultural pollination services [12]. Nevertheless, available data also reveal a much more rapid (>300%) increase in the fraction of agriculture that depends on animal pollination during the last half century, which may be stressing global pollination capacity. Although the primary cause of the accelerating increase of the pollinator dependence of commercial agriculture seems to be economic and political and not biological, the rapid expansion of cultivation of many pollinator-dependent crops has the potential to trigger future pollination problems for both these crops and native species in neighboring areas. Such environmental costs merit consideration during the development of agriculture and conservation policies.