Reflection/refraction seismology
Reflection/refraction seismology
复制标题
反射/折射地震学
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Gohl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christian Hübscher;K. Gohl
可控源地震学包括各种地球物理方法，以成像和物理参数化地下地质结构和条件。所有这些方法都基于这样的原理，即人工产生的冲击波穿过地下，并且返回的信号可以关于地下的特性进行分析。在过去几十年中，海洋学术研究界使用的海洋地震设备与碳氢化合物勘探工业使用的设备之间的差异显著增加，这是由于不同的研究目标以及碳氢化合物勘探常用的设备过于昂贵这一简单事实造成的。在本章中，我们将重点介绍那些典型的学术海洋研究系统。原则上，地震数据采集需要能量源、接收器和记录系统。两种最重要的地震方法是反射地震和折射地震（图1）。反射地震学家主要处理陡角反射，这意味着震源到接收器的距离与目标深度相比很小。该方法利用了一小部分下行能量在地质层边界上反射的事实。能量的主要部分被传输并传播到更深的地方，在下一层边界等处发生反射。这种方法导致地下的良好的垂直和水平结构分辨率。地球科学家受益于勘探行业的技术和方法发展，该行业使用反射地震学来探测海底以下几公里深处的石油和天然气。
Controlled-source seismology comprises a variety of geophysical methods to image and to physically parameterize the subsurface geologic structures and conditions. All these methods base upon the principle that artificially generated shock waves travel through the subsurface and that the returned signal can be analyzed regarding the properties of the subsurface. During the last decades the discrepancies between marine seismic equipment as used by the academic marine research community and that used by the hydrocarbon (HC) exploration industry increased significantly, caused by different research targets and the simple fact that gear commonly used for HC exploration is much too costly. In this chapter we will focus on those systems which are typical for academic marine research. In principle, seismic data acquisition requires an energy source, a receiver, and a recording system. The two most important seismic methods are reflection and refraction seismology (Fig. 1). Reflection seismologists deal mainly with steep angle reflections, which means that the source to receiver distance is small compared to the target depth. This method utilizes the fact that a small part of the down-going energy is reflected on geological layer boundaries. The main fraction of the energy is transmitted and travels deeper where reflections occur at the next layer boundary and so on. This method results in a good vertical and horizontal structural resolution of the subsurface. Earth scientists benefit from the technical and methodical developments of the exploration industry which uses reflection seismology for the detection of oil and gas in depths of up to several kilometers below the seafloor.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
M. Voss;W. Jokat
通讯作者：
M. Voss;W. Jokat