Assessment of tumor vascularization: immunohistochemical and non-invasive methods
Assessment of tumor vascularization: immunohistochemical and non-invasive methods
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DOI：
10.1177/172460089901400405
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发表时间：
1999-10-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Gasparini, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fanelli, M;Locopo, N;Gasparini, G
超过一定肿块的实体肿瘤的生长依赖于来自先前存在的宿主血管系统的血管床。血管生成过程不仅是原发肿瘤生长所必需的，也是转移所必需的。原发灶侵袭成分内微血管的数量反映了肿瘤血管生成的程度。目前，评价肿瘤新生血管最常用的方法是用免疫组织化学方法对肿瘤内微血管密度(IMD)进行定量，其中使用内皮细胞的特异性标记。在本文中，我们分析了用于评估IMD的不同方法，以及它们的优势和潜在的方法学缺陷。多项研究表明，IMD与肿瘤生长和转移的发生密切相关，提示IMD是临床相关性的预后指标。此外，初步研究表明，血管生成麦芽糖的测定可以预测对某些形式的常规抗癌治疗的反应性。虽然组织学微血管密度技术是目前表征肿瘤血管生成的金标准，但它可能不是临床上理想的工具，因为它需要在活检材料上进行，并且不评估参与肿瘤血管生成活动的功能通路。通过多谱勒超声、动态增强磁共振成像(MRI)和正电子发射断层扫描(PET)对体内肿瘤血管的非侵入性评估是可能的。这些方法可能比组织学方法更可取，因为它们是非侵入性的，调查整个肿瘤同时反映了解剖和生理特征，并可能有助于监测抗血管生成治疗的有效性。
Growth of solid tumors beyond a certain mass is dependent on the vascular bed from pre-existing host vasculature. The process of angiogenesis is essential not only for primary tumor growth but also for metastasis. The number of microvessels within the invasive component of a primary turner reflects the degree of tumor angiogenesis. At present the most widely used method to assess neovascularization is the quantitation of intratumoral microvessel density (IMD) by immunohistochemical methods in which specific markers for endothelial cells are employed. In this paper we analyze the different methods used to assess IMD, as well as their advantages and potential methodological pitfalls. Several studies have shown a close correlation between IMD, tumor growth and the occurrence of metastasis, suggesting that IMD is a prognostic indicator of clinical relevance. Furthermore, preliminary studies suggest that determination of angiogenesis malt predict responsiveness to some forms of conventional anticancer therapy. Although the histological microvessel density technique is the current gold standard to characterize tumor angiogenesis, it may not be the ideal tool for clinical purposes because it needs to be performed on biopsy material and does not assess the functional pathways involved in the angiogenic activity of tumors. Non-invasive assessment of tumor vascularity is possible in vivo by means of Doppler sonography dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). These methods may be preferable to histological assay because they are non-invasive, survey the entire tumor reflect both anatomic and physiologic characteristics, and may be useful to monitor the activity of antiangiogenic therapies.