Sex bias in neuroscience and biomedical research.
Sex bias in neuroscience and biomedical research.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.07.002
复制
发表时间：
2011-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Zucker I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beery AK;Zucker I
雌性哺乳动物在生物医学研究中长期被忽视。1993年，美国国立卫生研究院强制要求女性参与人体临床试验，但没有类似的举措来促进对雌性动物的研究。本文回顾了2009年哺乳动物研究中10个生物学领域的性别偏见及其历史先例。雄性偏见在8个学科中很明显，在神经科学中最突出，雄性动物的单性别研究数量超过雌性动物5.5比1。在过去的半个世纪里，非人类研究中的男性偏见有所增加，而人类研究中的男性偏见有所减少。对两性的研究往往未能按性别分析结果。女性在疾病动物模型中的代表性不足也很普遍，我们对女性生物学的理解也受到这些缺陷的影响。几种期刊上的大多数文章都是在大鼠和小鼠上进行的，排除了其他有用的动物模型。认为非人类雌性哺乳动物本质上比雄性更易变，并且在研究方案中常规包含太麻烦的观点是没有根据的。我们建议，当只研究一种性别时，应在文章标题中注明，资助机构应支持调查两性并按性别分析数据的提案。
Female mammals have long been neglected in biomedical research. The NIH mandated enrollment of women in human clinical trials in 1993, but no similar initiatives exist to foster research on female animals. We reviewed sex bias in research on mammals in 10 biological fields for 2009 and their historical precedents. Male bias was evident in 8 disciplines and most prominent in neuroscience, with single-sex studies of male animals outnumbering those of females 5.5 to 1. In the past half-century, male bias in non-human studies has increased while declining in human studies. Studies of both sexes frequently fail to analyze results by sex. Underrepresentation of females in animal models of disease is also commonplace, and our understanding of female biology is compromised by these deficiencies. The majority of articles in several journals are conducted on rats and mice to the exclusion of other useful animal models. The belief that non-human female mammals are intrinsically more variable than males and too troublesome for routine inclusion in research protocols is without foundation. We recommend that when only one sex is studied, this should be indicated in article titles, and that funding agencies favor proposals that investigate both sexes and analyze data by sex.