Making rewilding fit for policy
Making rewilding fit for policy
复制标题
让野化符合政策
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13082
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
J. D. Toit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Pettorelli;J. Barlow;P. Stephens;S. Durant;Ben Connor;Henrike Schulte to Bühne;C. Sandom;Jonathan Wentworth;J. D. Toit
1.野化在这里被定义为“重新组织生物区系和生态系统进程，使一个确定的社会生态系统走上一条优选的轨道，从而在最低限度的持续管理下自我维持地提供生态系统服务”，越来越多地被视为一种环境管理备选办法，具有增强生物多样性和生态系统服务的潜力。2.尽管人们对这一概念的兴趣日益浓厚，但在实际执行野化项目方面存在着不确定性和困难，而促进野化举措的合理决策的现有证据仍然难以捉摸。3.我们确定了五个关键的研究领域，为未来的野化举措的实施提供信息：提高对行动和影响之间联系的理解;通过更好地定义和量化生态风险来改进风险评估过程;改进对潜在经济成本和相关收益的时空变化的预测;更好地确定和描述特定野化项目可能产生的社会影响;并促进了监测和评价野化项目的全面和实用框架的形成。4.政策影响。环境立法通常是基于一个“复合”的范式本身的保护历史条件的特点是存在特定的物种组合和栖息地类型的前提。然而，全球环境变化正在使一些生态系统超越其极限，因此恢复到历史基准或现代可能的同等水平可能不再是一种选择。这意味着，目前的环境政策背景可能对广泛实施野化项目构成障碍。为了推进全球野化议程，需要更好地了解当前的政策机会和制约因素。这一点，再加上野化的明确定义和在当地实施野化的科学依据，是促使政府在必要时修订立法以促进野化运作的先决条件。
1. Rewilding, here defined as "the reorganisation of biota and ecosystem processes to set an identified social-ecological system on a preferred trajectory, leading to the self-sustaining provision of ecosystem services with minimal ongoing management," is increasingly considered as an environmental management option, with potential for enhancing both biodiversity and ecosystem services. 2. Despite burgeoning interest in the concept, there are uncertainties and difficulties associated with the practical implementation of rewilding projects, while the evidence available for facilitating sound decision-making for rewilding initiatives remains elusive. 3. We identify five key research areas to inform the implementation of future rewilding initiatives: increased understanding of the links between actions and impacts; improved risk assessment processes, through, for example, better definition and quantification of ecological risks; improved predictions of spatio-temporal variation in potential economic costs and associated benefits; better identification and characterisation of the likely social impacts of a given rewilding project; and facilitated emergence of a comprehensive and practical framework for the monitoring and evaluation of rewilding projects. 4. Policy implications. Environmental legislation is commonly based on a "compositionalist" paradigm itself predicated on the preservation of historical conditions characterised by the presence of particular species assemblages and habitat types. However, global environmental change is driving some ecosystems beyond their limits so that restoration to historical benchmarks or modern likely equivalents may no longer be an option. This means that the current environmental policy context could present barriers to the broad implementation of rewilding projects. To progress the global rewilding agenda, a better appreciation of current policy opportunities and constraints is required. This, together with a clear definition of rewilding and a scientifically robust rationale for its local implementation, is a prerequisite to engage governments in revising legislation where required to facilitate the operationalisation of rewilding.