FUNCTION OF THE SONG AND SONG REPERTOIRE IN THE EUROPEAN STARLING (STURNUS-VULGARIS) - AN AVIARY EXPERIMENT
FUNCTION OF THE SONG AND SONG REPERTOIRE IN THE EUROPEAN STARLING (STURNUS-VULGARIS) - AN AVIARY EXPERIMENT
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DOI：
10.1163/156853993x00182
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发表时间：
1993-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
VERHEYEN, RF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
EENS, M;PINXTEN, R;VERHEYEN, RF
我们面临着单独的笼子里的男性欧洲椋鸟，普通，同种的性别，以研究唱歌的行为在性内和性间的遭遇。男性花更多的时间在巢箱，唱更多的歌曲和更多的歌曲类型在女性介绍比在控制期间（观察期，没有同种）。雄鸟也会在巢箱中唱更多的歌，并更多地飞向有绿色巢材的巢箱。在男性介绍，只有花在巢箱和携带的巢材料的时间显着增加。雄性花更多的时间在巢箱，唱更多的歌曲和更多的歌曲类型，以回应女性刺激比男性刺激。雄性也唱更多的歌曲在巢箱和飞到巢箱与巢材料在女性比男性介绍。这些结果表明，歌曲和歌曲曲目的男性椋鸟主要是一个中间性，而不是一个内的性功能。然而，与之前的研究相比，我们的研究结果表明，唱歌也可以作为一种性内信号，在近距离接触时阻止对手。我们还测试了这一假设，即“口哨声”和“颤音歌曲”有独立的内性和间性的功能，在文献中已经提出。我们没有发现一个专门的内部性功能的口哨声，也没有专门的鸣唱歌曲的两性功能的证据。从这项研究中也出现了鸟舍大小的变化可以修改雄椋鸟的行为反应。关于雄性椋鸟使用绿色巢材料的新信息。
We confronted individually-caged male European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, with conspecifics of both sexes in order to study singing behaviour during intrasexual and intersexual encounters. Males spent more time at the nestbox, sang more songs and more song types during female presentations than during control periods (observation periods with no conspecifics). Males also sang more songs in the nestbox and flew more to the nestbox with green nest material. During male presentations, only the time spent at the nestbox and the carrying of nest material increased significantly. Males spent more time at the nestbox, sang more songs and more song types in response to a female stimulus than to a male stimulus. Males also sang more songs in the nestbox and flew more to the nestbox with nest material during female than during male presentations. These results suggest that the song and song repertoire of male starlings serve primarily an intersexual rather than an intrasexual function. However, in contrast to a previous study, our results suggest that singing also serves as an intrasexual signal to deter rivals at close encounter. We also tested the hypothesis that the 'whistles' and the 'warbling song' have separate intrasexual and intersexual functions, as has been suggested in the literature. We found no evidence for a specialized intrasexual function of the whistles nor for a specialized intersexual function of the warbling song. From this study it also appears that variations in the size of the aviary can modify the behavioural responses of starling males. New information with regard to the use of green nest material by male starlings is given.