A Computerized Soil Information System for Arable Land in Japan (JAPSIS) : -Present structure and some applications-
A Computerized Soil Information System for Arable Land in Japan (JAPSIS) : -Present structure and some applications-
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日本耕地计算机化土壤信息系统（JAPSIS）：-目前的结构和一些应用-
DOI：
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. Kato
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Kato
在日本，影响自然环境的人类活动正在增加。为高水平的粮食生产和人类居住维持良好的环境是日本农业的一个非常重要的考虑因素。土壤是粮食生产的基本要素之一，与自然环境有着密切的关系。从这个角度出发，确定我国土壤资源的现状和预测未来的变化具有重要意义。土壤信息系统是一个复合系统，它不仅可以处理和存储多种土壤数据和土壤图，而且可以操作和提供多种检索。一般来说，信息系统可以分为两类。第一种是最简单的系统，只涉及在打孔卡上手工编码，手工排序和数据操作。该系统易于建立，运行成本低。第二种系统是计算机化系统，其中地图数据，例如多边形数据、地点数据、网格数据等可以通过使用数字化仪或扫描仪插入并存储在计算机中，使这些数据可用于自动解释。该方法的缺点是数据输入、输出和其他数据处理过程的成本高、技术水平高。然而，一旦信息系统完成，并且干净的数据存储在磁带或磁盘上，就可以非常迅速和经常经济地进行各种解释图和数字数据处理和分类程序。计算机土壤信息系统是现代土壤信息系统的理想选择。一些国家已经开始建设或研究计算机化土壤信息系统。各种研究人员和土壤测量人员积累了大量的耕地原始土壤调查数据。虽然其中一些数据已经出版，但主要部分在用于绘制土壤图之后已存储在单独的文件系统中。由于这些数据不是标准化的形式，如果不进行手工编码和标准化，就不容易对其进行操作，必须使用复杂的数字技术进行分析。此外，由于它们存放在各县农业研究所的单独文件柜中，因此不容易取用。另一方面，大量的土壤地图已经印刷出版。但手工制作解释地图或从这些印刷地图中更新地图数据需要很长时间。如果不收集和整理这些数据，将来就不会被使用。鉴于这些因素，日本农林水产省于1982年建立了日本耕地土壤信息系统（OAPSIS）。本文综述了APSIS的现有结构和一些应用实例。
The human activities which affect the natural environment are being increased in Japan. The maintenance of a good environment for high levels of food production and human habitation is a very important consideration for the Japanese agriculture. The soil which is one of the basic factors of food production is deeply related to the natural environment. From this point of view, it is important to determine the present nature and to predict future changes of national soil resources. A soil information system is a composite system which enables us not only to process and store many kinds of soil data and soil maps, but also to manipulate and provide many kinds of retrievals '. In general, information systems can be divided into two groups. The first is the simplest system involving only manual coding on punch cards, and manual sorting and data manipulations. This system is easy to establish and its operation cost is low. The second system is a computerized system in which cartographic data, for example, polygon data, site data, grid data, etc. can be inserted and stored in the computer by using digitizers or scanners, making these data available for automat ic interpretation. The shortcoming of this method is the high cost and high level of technology involved in dat a input, output and other data handling pr ocedures. Once that information system is completed, however, and clean data are stored on magnetic tapes or disks, many kinds of interpretative maps and numerical data handling and classification procedure can be performed very quickly and often economically. The computerized soil information system is preferable to punch cards one for the modern soil information sys tem. Some countries have star ted to construct or investigate the computerized soil information systems•·7-1°>. A large amount of raw soil survey data of arable land have been accumulated by various researchers and soil surveyors. Although some of these data have been published, the major part has been stored in individual filing systems after having been used for drawing soil maps . Because these data are not in standardized forms they cannot be easily manipulated without hand coding and standardization and must be analyzed using sophisticated numerical techniques. Furthermore since they are stored in individual filing cabinets in the agricultural research institute of each prefecture, they are not easily accessible. On the other hand, a large number of soil maps have been printed and published. But it takes a long time to manually prepare interpretative maps or update the mapping data from these printed maps. If these data are not collected and organized, they will not be used in the future. In view of these many factors, the Soil Information Systems for Arable Land in Japan OAPSIS) has been constructed by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry a nd Fisher ies from 1982. This paper summarizes the present structure and some examples of the application of ]APSIS.