Life cycle assessment of wastewater treatment options for small and decentralized communities.
Life cycle assessment of wastewater treatment options for small and decentralized communities.
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DOI：
10.2166/wst.2007.497
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发表时间：
2007-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. P. Machado;L. Urbano;A. Brito;P. Janknecht;J. Salas;R. Nogueira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. P. Machado;L. Urbano;A. Brito;P. Janknecht;J. Salas;R. Nogueira
可持续性对工程实践有很强的影响。生命周期评价（LCA）是评价污水处理厂设计可持续性的一种合适方法。本研究采用LCA方法比较小型和分散的农村社区的替代废水处理工艺。评估的重点是两个节能系统（人工湿地和慢速渗滤）和一个传统的（活性污泥法）。节能废水处理厂对环境的影响较低，最相关的是全球变暖指标。评估了减少生命周期影响的备选方案，包括系统建造和运行寿命中使用的材料。人工湿地和慢速渗滤系统的运行寿命延长10%，导致二氧化碳排放量减少1%，在这两个系统。非生物消耗的减少分别为5%和7%。此外，在活性污泥池中用HDPE代替钢导致CO2排放减少1%，非生物消耗指标减少1%。在Imhoff罐的情况下，当用HDPE代替混凝土时，观察到CO2排放量减少1%，非生物消耗指标减少5%。
Sustainability has strong implications on the practice of engineering. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an appropriate methodology for assessing the sustainability of a wastewater treatment plant design. The present study used a LCA approach for comparing alternative wastewater treatment processes for small and decentralised rural communities. The assessment was focused on two energy-saving systems (constructed wetland and slow rate infiltration) and a conventional one (activated sludge process). The low environmental impact of the energy-saving wastewater treatment plants was demonstrated, the most relevant being the global warming indicator. Options for reduction of life cycle impacts were assessed including materials used in construction and operational lifetime of the systems. A 10% extension of operation lifetime of constructed wetland and slow rate infiltration systems led to a 1% decrease in CO2 emissions, in both systems. The decrease in the abiotic depletion was 5 and 7%, respectively. Also, replacing steel with HDPE in the activated sludge tank resulted in a 1% reduction in CO2 emission and 1% in the abiotic depletion indicator. In the case of the Imhoff tank a 1% reduction in CO2 emissions and 5% in the abiotic depletion indicator were observed when concrete was replaced by HDPE.