What is the future of disk drives, death or rebirth?
What is the future of disk drives, death or rebirth?
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DOI：
10.1145/1922649.1922660
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发表时间：
2011-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yuhui Deng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yuhui Deng
自1961年IBM 1301磁盘驱动器问世以来，磁盘驱动器经历了巨大的发展，以满足性能要求。然而，内存和磁盘驱动器之间的性能差距已经扩大到6个数量级，并以每年约50%的速度继续扩大。此外，能效已成为设计磁盘驱动器存储系统的最重要挑战之一。磁盘驱动器的体系结构设计已经到了一个转折点，应该可以在保持高可靠性和高能效的同时，使其性能进一步提升。这篇文章介绍了磁盘驱动器如何在过去50年中不断发展，以满足具有挑战性的客户需求。首先，简要介绍了磁盘驱动器的发展，并对磁盘性能和功耗进行了解构。其次，描述了传统磁盘驱动器面临的设计限制和挑战。第三，介绍了社区中讨论的一些创新的磁盘驱动器架构。第四，介绍了一些新的存储介质类型及其对传统磁盘驱动器体系结构的影响。最后，讨论了磁盘驱动器的两个重要发展：混合磁盘和固态磁盘。本文重点介绍了这些存储设备面临的挑战和机遇，并探讨了它们将如何影响存储系统。
Disk drives have experienced dramatic development to meet performance requirements since the IBM 1301 disk drive was announced in 1961. However, the performance gap between memory and disk drives has widened to 6 orders of magnitude and continues to widen by about 50% per year. Furthermore, energy efficiency has become one of the most important challenges in designing disk drive storage systems. The architectural design of disk drives has reached a turning point which should allow their performance to advance further, while still maintaining high reliability and energy efficiency. This article explains how disk drives have evolved over five decades to meet challenging customer demands. First of all, it briefly introduces the development of disk drives, and deconstructs disk performance and power consumption. Secondly, it describes the design constraints and challenges that traditional disk drives are facing. Thirdly, it presents some innovative disk drive architectures discussed in the community. Fourthly, it introduces some new storage media types and the impacts they have on the architecture of the traditional disk drives. Finally, it discusses two important evolutions of disk drives: hybrid disk and solid state disk. The article highlights the challenges and opportunities facing these storage devices, and explores how we can expect them to affect storage systems.