A micro-temporal geospatial analysis of medical marijuana dispensaries and crime in Long Beach, California
A micro-temporal geospatial analysis of medical marijuana dispensaries and crime in Long Beach, California
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DOI：
10.1111/add.13301
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Gruenewald, Paul J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Freisthler, Bridget;Ponicki, William R.;Gruenewald, Paul J.
目的确定2012-13年美国加利福尼亚州大麻药房的密度是否与当地和邻近地区的暴力和财产犯罪有关，在当地执法部门采取行动减少店面医用大麻药房的数量期间。收集了333个人口普查街区样本的犯罪地点和医用大麻药房以及其他协变量的数据。2012年1月至2013年12月在美国加州长滩。总共7992次时空观测（来自333个人口普查块组，超过24个时间点）。衡量结果的指标侧重于暴力和财产犯罪的分组计数。预测因子是当地和邻近地区医用大麻药房的数量。协变量包括酒精可得性标记以及地区人口统计学和经济特征。结果经协变量调整后，医用大麻药房密度与当地财产犯罪、暴力犯罪无关，与空间相邻区域犯罪呈正相关[暴力犯罪事故率比(IRR) = 1.0248， CI(1.0097, 1.0402)，财产犯罪事故率比(IRR) = 1.0169， CI(1.0071, 1.0268)]。结论：在加州，使用执法手段来减少医用大麻药房似乎减少了这些地点附近住宅区的犯罪，而不是在这些地点。
Aims To determine whether the density of marijuana dispensaries in California, USA, in 2012-13 was related to violent and property crimes, both locally and in adjacent areas, during a time in which local law enforcement conducted operations to reduce the number of storefront medical marijuana dispensaries. Design Data on locations of crimes and medical marijuana dispensaries as well as other covariates were collected for a sample of 333 Census block groups. Setting Long Beach, California, USA from January 2012 to December 2013. Observations A total of 7992 spacetime observations (from 333 Census block groups over 24 time-points). Measurements Outcome measures focused on block-group counts of violent and property crimes. Predictors were numbers of local and adjacent-area medical marijuana dispensaries. Covariates included markers of alcohol availability as well as area demographic and economic characteristics. Findings After adjustment for covariates, density of medical marijuana dispensaries was unrelated to property and violent crimes in local areas but related positively to crime in spatially adjacent areas [incident rate ratio (IRR) = 1.0248, CI (1.0097, 1.0402) for violent crime, IRR = 1.0169, CI (1.0071, 1.0268) for property crime]. Conclusions Using law enforcement to reduce medical marijuana dispensaries in California appears to have reduced crime in residential areas near to, but not in, these locations.