Cognitive and neural correlates of the 5-repeat allele of the dopamine D4 receptor gene in a population lacking the 7-repeat allele
Cognitive and neural correlates of the 5-repeat allele of the dopamine D4 receptor gene in a population lacking the 7-repeat allele
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.01.053
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发表时间：
2015-04
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
H. Takeuchi;H. Tomita;Y. Taki;Yoshie Kikuchi;Chiaki Ono;Zhiqian Yu;A. Sekiguchi;R. Nouchi;Yuka Kot
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Takeuchi;H. Tomita;Y. Taki;Yoshie Kikuchi;Chiaki Ono;Zhiqian Yu;A. Sekiguchi;R. Nouchi;Yuka Kot
编码多巴胺D4受体（DRD 4）的基因中常见长度多态性的5-重复等位基因与注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的风险密切相关，并且基本上存在于ADHD患病率较低的亚洲人群中。在这项研究中，我们调查了该等位基因对大脑的微观结构特性和其功能活动在外部定向注意力要求的任务和创造性的表现在765亚洲受试者。为此，我们采用扩散张量成像，N-背功能磁共振成像范例，并测试发散思维的创造力。5-重复等位基因与创造性表现中的原创性增加、平均扩散性增加显著相关，（组织如何包括水分子而不是神经和血管成分的量度）在广泛区域的广泛灰色和白色物质区域，特别是表达DRD 4的那些区域，在需要注意力的工作记忆任务和简单感觉运动任务的过程中，在任务期间失活的区域中的任务诱导的失活减少。观察到的5重复等位基因携带者的神经特征可能导致ADHD和行为缺陷的风险增加。此外，在5-重复等位基因携带者中观察到的创造性思维的独创性增加可能支持精神疾病的广泛风险等位基因的适应性方面的概念。
The 5-repeat allele of a common length polymorphism in the gene that encodes the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) is robustly associated with the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substantially exists in Asian populations, which have a lower ADHD prevalence. In this study, we investigated the effect of this allele on microstructural properties of the brain and on its functional activity during externally directed attention-demanding tasks and creative performance in the 765 Asian subjects. For this purpose, we employed diffusion tensor imaging, N-back functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigms, and a test to measure creativity by divergent thinking. The 5-repeat allele was significantly associated with increased originality in the creative performance, increased mean diffusivity (the measure of how the tissue includes water molecules instead of neural and vessel components) in the widespread gray and white matter areas of extensive areas, particularly those where DRD4 is expressed, and reduced task-induced deactivation in the areas that are deactivated during the tasks in the course of both the attention-demanding working memory task and simple sensorimotor task. The observed neural characteristics of 5-repeat allele carriers may lead to an increased risk of ADHD and behavioral deficits. Furthermore, the increased originality of creative thinking observed in the 5-repeat allele carriers may support the notion of the side of adaptivity of the widespread risk allele of psychiatric diseases.